In an effort to be affiliated to a new
project at the university, dealing with the in vitro
propagation of endangered plants from Nepal and other areas in the
foothills of Himalaya, I found it necessarily to make a expedition
to Bangladesh,
Bhutan and northern India as
well. While
literature lists
various characteristics
within the flower, they fail to list the growing conditions for
these plants. That is what I need to know, and
it seems like visiting the original habitat, is the only way gain
this information.

I will be able to observe, learn,
measure and understand
their preferred conditions in the wild. I will analyse
light, humidity, pH and concentrations of nutrition along with other factors
like ventilation and animal interaction. This is a very little
studied subject, and with the array of species found in a relative
little but climate diverse area, Nepal offers a perfect study.
I hope to be able to visit nurseries,
private growers and botanical gardens along the road. However,
this present diary does not deal with those experiences; it merely
describes the adventures I encored along with the studies, which
took me pretty much all around this beautiful and friendly country.
The scientific work will be published elsewhere, and used in my
daily work.
Some
facts about the country.
(Jump to diary)
Nepal is squeezed in between southern China and northern India.
The official name is the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It
was a monarchy from 1768 until after the civilian war in
2008.
Considering the vast frozen mountain areas, its population of 29,4
millions is rather dense. Kathmandu is the capital and home to one
million. Over 80% are Hindi while only 16% are Buddhists in the
birth country of Gautam Buddha. Around 4% Muslims and a
few Christians.
MONEY: The currency is Nepalese rupee
(NPR) which are worth little.100 NPRs equals €0,80 and 6 DKK. As the
rats reveals, it is not a rich country in money. GDP;
US$240. In Denmark, it is US$58,894.
CLIMATE:
Nepal is commonly divided into three physiographic areas: Mountain ,
Hill and Terai. The northern part of the country is dominated by a
mountain range, containing 240 majestic peaks above 6.000 meters.
The most famous is of cause Mount Everest with its 8848 meters.
Fascinating, but I'm not going anywhere without plants! The Terai,
on the other hand, has a subtropical to tropical climate, and hosts
so many interesting plants and animals. At the lowest elevations is
the Terai-Duar savannah and grasslands eco-region. These form a
mosaic with the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, which occur
from 500 to 1.000 metres, and include the Inner Terai Valleys.
Himalayan subtropical pine forests occur between 1.000 and 2.000
metres, while the temperate broadleaf forests are found
between 1.500 and 3.000 meters. From 3.000 to 4.000 metres are the
eastern and western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests. Above that,
up to 5.500 meters, the western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows is
found, after that, it is the ice and snow.
ANIMALS
and PLANTS: Because of the variance in climate, from tropical to
arctic,
Nepal has a large variety of plants and animals. There are
181 mammal species. Here are everything from the Nepalese snow
leopard, Asiatic rock python, elephants, tigers, Indian rhinoceros
and wild yak to the Gangetic dolphin, which can - with loads of luck -be
found in the wild. My friends did see them, but they somehow forgot
me. Well, I was in Australia at that time... 900 bird species, quite some reptiles and
insects, and 5067-6500 species of plants from 200 families. 400 species of
the vascular plants are endemic to Nepal. The Rhododendron
arboreum is the national flower.
I ought to be able to find a few of the plants which interest me
privately: Caudiciforms.
Agapetes serpens,
Euphorbia fusiformis,
Talinum cuneifolium,
Typhonium venosum, and
Sarcoca acinosa. Further more, here are 350 species of
orchids, among them are two: Pleione coronaria and
Oreorchis porphyranthes.which are endemic. I still like to
gather information on growing conditions on those orchids, for
another project am affiliated to.
DIARY
13/1. Last
time I thought I was going to Nepal, was in 2004. There was some commotion, and all roads
out of Kathmandu were mined and the busses grounded. Figuring it would be
rather dull, to be stocked in the capital for six weeks, we altered our
plans, and went on an epic tour in northern India.
This time however, I will succeed! My 40L backpack is quite stuffed, but I'm
afraid, I might be wearing most of the worm clots for a considerable amount
of time, and then it is quite slim and down to 6,5 kg, including all, except
the case with technical equipment, adding yet 2,5 kg more.
A late morning flight brings me to Istanbul, with three and
a half hour to spend, before the last leg to Kathmandu during the night.
Just before boarding, we are treated with yet three and a half hour more in
Istanbul. Way too much time for a dull airport, in my humble opinion! Only
two flights out of 60-70 are delayed - why mine? The bright side is; it was
at least the second flight, which was delayed. Then, as a special treat, we
get additionally an hour and a half at the runway.
Quite
eventless flight to Kathmandu, with some sleep and a good film, but
only one serving: Breakfast right after take-off, around 2AM. Despite the
clouds, the in-flight is amassing. High mountains and small villages on
steep slopes. The landing strip cuts right through town, in-between the
mountains.
14/12.
To treat my self, I have ordered an airport pick-up. Well, the hotel offered
it for free, and I kind of feel welcome, when someone awaits me with a big
sign, baring my name. It is a short ride, but very slow to the pre-booked
hotel: Kama
Traveller's Home.
The traffic is fare from as intense as in Colombo; Sri Lanka, where I
drown my self. Can't figure why I can't do it here? Somehow, I have managed to get here on the only cold and rainy day this
winter.
As no surprise, the manager tries eagerly to sell me a
complete tour packet, but I convinces him: I am capable of going by my self,
and I won't pay. A bit peckish, after twelve hours without any food or
drink, I head out to find an ATM and a restaurant. Fried rice with
vegetables and a fried egg, chased by a Nepalese tea: Real tasty, slightly
spices tea with milk and a bit of sugar.

I am in the middle of a huge maze-shaped tourist area,
with endless shops of cloth, bags and useless souvenirs and a few
restaurants. The drizzle is persistent, and I find it hard to capture the
cosiness of the area. Due to my late arrival and the bad weather, I
postpones today's agenda for tomorrow.
The locals are friendly and not that persistent, and I
start looking for a small bag to carry my guidebook and a bottle of water
during the day.
I cruses around the entire area for some hours, find what I'm looking for,
and finish off with a tiny serving of stirred mutton - which is translated
to goat?
To my big surprise, I don't get lost, and I end up at my
hotel, as it get real dark around six. I re-organises my bag and start the
daily work:
Process the plant data from the
day
Transfer new photos to PC in RAW folder
Copy new photos to NEW folder
Delete bad ones in NEW
Tag the surviving ones
Copy the tagged ones back to RAW folder
Go through NEW folder with Picasa, deleting more,
re-framing, clearing
Export selected to SMALL folder
Transfer them to the Slide folder
Write diary
Insert photos in diary from Slides
Write comments on diary photos
Select special photos and place in folders
Optionally: make slideshow with jAlbum
Shift photos to Slides
Run Find&Replace
Upload slideshow
Make links to new slideshows in diary + photo
Upload to web-page
Make back-up to two USB sticks
Delete photos on camera
Make accounting
Plan tomorrow; waypoints, maps, info
If there is time: sleep... |
My room is only 15C, and my fingers start to be too stiff to
write. At least, there is a duvet stored in
in a cabinet.
Unfortunately, I can't tell the difference between the cold
water and the alleged hot: 5 and 6C? I just realises: I don't need a shower!
Alternately, I head out in the city in a hunt for cake and hot
tea.
Despite it is only nine, all the shops are closed, and besides
from drinking, here is little to do. I manages to get lost on my way back, but a friendly
trishaw driver gets me there, giving me a tour around the area,
because he don't know the hotel. Despite that, he is satisfied
with the R100=€0,80 we agreed on at the start. I could be use to
that... The hot water
has been turned on, and I manage to get warm, before heading to
bed; 16.00 Danish time, 21.00 local. After some time, I figure
the madras is way too cold: A layer of springs with a sheet on,
does neither feel comfortable, nor warm! I fold the thick
blanket, and sleep as a sausage in a hotdog. Considering I'm in
the capital,
rather
central, it is surprisingly quite. No voices, no dogs, no horns,
just a bit of rumble from a few passing vehicles.
15/12. Start the
day with a hunt for breakfast. Not much activity in the city
before eight - or nine for that matter. I find a classic English
Breakfast, on my way down south to the attractions. The weather
has not improved that much, but at least it is dry. The streets,
on the other hand, are so muddy. I can't imagine how they will be
during the rainy season! I make some photos despite the
greyness; they might actually work. Here are quite some butchers
with fresh meat on the street. Here are small temples with
praying people in many blocks. On small squares, bigger temples
are found. I reach the old city with wooden buildings and a lot
of electrical wires.
I find Asan Tole, a market place with some vegetables and fruit.
It does seem a bit quite, but it is still early and cold. Some
people are gathered around a small fireplace, and I feel like
mingling. The next square is Seto Machhendrath, covered in
different temples. Excellent wooden carvings, plenty of pigeons
and noisy bells. As I continues towards Indra Chowk, more shops
are opening. Indra Chowk is a combined temple and market square,
and lively. I enters the pigeon-filled Janabaha temple, filled
with cupper and stone work, along the usual wooden carvings.
Feeding the pigeons are a religious act, and very appreciated.
The square has its temples, but it seems to have been taken over
by fabric dealers and trishaw drivers. I reach Ratna Park, which
only consist of a badly keep lawn. Pass the General Post Office
to the 62 meter tall Bhimsen Tower. In front of it is a
dry Gath - more dry than the roads!
It is ten o'clock, and the sun just breaks through, although not
that convincing. I head for a cup of tea, letting the sun burn some
of the mist of the mountains. 213 steps leads me to the viewing
platform, and through the suspicious brownish mist, I can see
the mountains surrounding the city. The tower was original build
in 1825, destroyed by a earthquake in 1934 and soon rebuild. The
360 degree view is nice, and I'm sure rather impressing on a
clear day.
I have reach the end of my trail, and
returns, persisted to find the missing Itum Bahal temple square.
I have to ask quite a few times before I'm guided to a small
entrance, I have passed some time ago. If it is the right place,
it is not that impressing. The large square with playing
children, a large Bodhi tree and surrounded by rather tall
buildings, make a better motive. I walk back through the sights,
making additionally sunshine photos, and head back on New
Street. One thing that strikes me, is the lack of food stores and
mobile shops. Other Asian cities I have visited seems to contain
of 30% mobile shops! Many of the side
roads are dominated by one
kind of goods. Sowing machines in one, bikes in another and so
on.
I find the right Durbar Square, significantly more impressing
that the round-about I passed earlier, and thought was it. A
massive temple, numerous souvenir salesmen and some well fed and
sleeping dogs. The whole area I have been walking in, is a
perfect pedestrian network, unfortunately heavily infested with
cars, mopeds, trishaws and way overloaded bikes. In a large,
open yard, I find a stupa. The brass shops look impressing in
the sunshine, but somehow, most shops are still in the shadow
like everything else.
I get a bit too fare north, and the streets are a pool of slimy
mud. Back at my hotel at two, to rest my legs, write some diary,
check photos and hopefully make the last arrangements for the
Bhutan tour. My room is still 15C, and after an hour and a half
of work, I have to find some warmer place to get my fingers to
work.
I head into the city to find some sun, but
the only place I can find it, is on a rooftop. And the sun is
not powerful in any way. Back in the street, I find a spiced tea
with milk, to warm my fingers on, and then I track down the two
nurseries within the city. Nothing special, but many plants.
None are grown efficient, and none of the present people speak
much English. I find some buns for my breakfast, a bottle of
water, which only come in one litre, and half a litre Sprite -
just for the bottle.
Then I organises my tour to Chitwan National Park. The ordinarily
busses takes forever - and that, I do not have. A tourist
shuttle can do it in four hours, which sounds more reasonable.
It has become dinner time, and I'll go for a Nepali dish: Non-vegi
Khana
with dahl, bhat, veg curry, chicken curry, pickle, papad and
salad. Just as I am about to leave, they bring a gas heater. I
grab another cup of tea, and start chatting with a pleasant
English bloke. Well heated, I head home rather late to do the
last work, including the first slide-show:
Kathmandu.
Considering the time; six in the morning, I order a wakeup call at
the reception.
So fare, I have enjoyed the tour, despite it
is significantly colder than I prefers. The capital seems so
friendly, but at the same time kind of rural. I can only imagine
how the countryside must be. Well, tomorrow will be the first
taste of it, although I might get into serious tourist
territory.
16/12. Heavy thunder, arctic cold and
the usual stress by an alarm clock, set way to early, prevents me
from getting much sleep. It is still pitch dark at six, but
lightens a bit half a hour later, when I'm walking to the "bus
central". It is called a tourist bus, and supposed to be
luxurious, but I just don't fit in. Further more, I'm told to
sit at the very back, in the rather empty bus. It slowly fills
with locals, and even two tourists, as we drive out of town,
through the rain and misery.
Next to me sits a Nepalese student from Norway, heading home to visit his
parents for the first time in three years. The windows are
steamy, the mountains covered in clouds, and I just doze off,
till the first brake at ten, in the village of Malekhu. I walk
it from one end to the other, in the drizzle, but having a hard
time finding any interesting things. A fast cup of tea, before
we head on, and I get yet another nap.
The roads follows the large Trisuli River downwards, but it is impossible to capture any of the else so
magnificent motives, lining the road. That is because of the
condition of the road: It is partly sealed, and it seems like
the sealed parts are the most bumpy! Time and time again, I find
my self in the air, just to meet the seat hard. Hard brakes
almost every time we meet another bus or lorry, and here are a
lot!
The lower mountains are covered in a dense forest, and a few of
the upper slopes have tiny fields in terraces. At noon, we reach
the lowlands, and the sun break through. Here are harvested rice
patches and huge, yellow fields with flowering mustard.
We pass through the rather large city of
Bharatpur, and the bus empties. The fare ends in the village of
Sauraba, the centre of Chitawan National Park expeditions. I'm
expected by the
Safari Club, and we drive on, to a rather luxurious lodge,
way above my usual standard. The usual price is $290, I pay
half. Here don't seem to be any "backpackers options" anyway.
The lodge is empty, and the friendly staff pay me way more attention then I
like. Damu is assigned as my personally guide, and he has a plan
for the next four days. I try to cut down on the tribal stuff,
expanding the wildlife tours. I have read, I can rent an
elephant for $10 an hour - I rather do that, than see some
dancers perform, for free!
They insist on serving lunch, and I get some delicious noodles,
fried vegetables, potato fries and salad. The hour I have to
wait before, the tour to the local Tharu village, is spend on the
computer, writing diary and receiving my Bhutan flight tickets. It is
a comfortable 20C and clear skies.
The area is famous for the bird watching, and
I see quite a lot in the lodge's garden. Oriental Magpie Robin,
Russet Sparrows,
Asian Pied Starlings, Red-vented Bulbuls, Indian Jungle Crows - and others. The entire park use to be the
hot-spot, but due to the amount of tourists and general
development, the numbers of rhinos, elephants, tigers, leopards, gharial and mugger crocodiles, rock pythons, hog deer, gaurs,
wild dogs, jackals, sloth bears, spotted deer and giant
hornbills within this 250 square kilometre park, has gone down.
The new, recommended hot-spot is Bardiya, but it is a three day
bus-ride out of my trail, and when asked, they stated: It is
very cold here now!
At four, Damu takes me for a walk to the
local Tharu village. The sun has gone behind some dark clouds,
but the motives are here. Right next to the lodge, a happy
looking female elephant stand
between two huge stacks of rice-hay - maybe because she had a
visit last night, from a wild male elephant? He destroyed some of the banana-plants
nearby.
We reach the village, which is neatly clean with houses made up
by elephant grass with a mix of mud and cow dung on, fitted with
a grass roof. Ducks walks around in the small yards, while the
vegetable fields take up the space in-between the huts. A man
walk his oxen through the huts, while small kids play on the
porches.
Then we passes through the rather empty tourist-shop village to
reach the river. Here, the sunset reveals numerous birds:
Oriental Pied Hornbills, Plum-headed Parakeets, Small Cormorant,
Black Drongos, White-browed Wagtails, Scaly-breasted Munias,
Black-breasted Weavers, Asian Pied Starlings, Common Mynas,
Plain Martins, Ruddy Shelducks, Little Egrets and Oriental Honey
Buzzards.
At the last moment, the clouds opens, and the sun sets over the
park, on the other side of the river. We walk along the river in
fine sand. Many animal tracks crossed this "beach",
but the
tracks from wild elephants and one-horned rhinos stands out.
Apparently, they have no problem crossing the park's border at
night time, to reach the farmers fields - or female elephants.
It is dusk from 17.30 to 17.35, then it is dark, and the
mosquitoes take over the watch, while the temperature drops. I try to skip the visit to the Tharu
village cultural event this evening, but Damu insist on its interests - but we
do it another night.
The power has returned. Both in Kathmandu and
here, there are what the South Africans call "brown-outs":
Planned power cuts. Here, it is ten hours during the day. Hotels
and shops have their own generators, feeding a single lamp in
each room, adding significantly to the air pollution.
I get a great supper, and start working in the restaurant, till I
run out of power. A cup of milk-tea and then back to the room to finish up, and get a good
night's sleep, while distant thunder warns of yet another night
of rain - fifth in a row, and during the dry season!. "Global
Warming" is not working here, compared with Denmark, which in my
opinion can do with several degrees warmer.
Despite I still in the fantastic Shitwan NP, the diary continues in
Diary 2.
Mainly because the pop-ups seems to fail on larger pages... |