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Sikhism is an Indian religion and
philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent
around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded
major religions and among the largest in the world with about 25–30 million
adherents, known as Sikhs.
Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak; 1469–1539, the
faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. The tenth guru,
Guru Gobind Singh; 1666–1708, named the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the central
religious scripture in Sikhism, as his successor. This brought the line of human
gurus to a close. Sikhs regard the Guru Granth Sahib as the 11th and eternally
living guru.
The core beliefs and practices of Sikhism, articulated in the Guru Granth
Sahib and other Sikh scriptures, include faith and meditation in the name of the
one creator; Ik Onkar, the divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging
in selfless service to others , striving for justice for the benefit and
prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood.
Following this standard, Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious
tradition has a monopoly on absolute truth. As a consequence, Sikhs do not
actively proselytize, although voluntary converts are generally accepted.
Sikhism emphasizes meditation and remembrance as a means to feel God's presence,
which can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through
naam japna.
Baptised Sikhs are obliged to wear the five Ks, which are five articles of faith
which physically distinguish Sikhs from non-Sikhs. Among these include the
kesh; uncut hair. Most religious Sikh men thus do not cut their hair but
rather wear a turban.
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