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Hinduism is an umbrella term for a
range of Indian religious and spiritual traditions that are unified by adherence
to the concept of dharma, a cosmic order maintained by its followers
through rituals and righteous living, as expounded in the Vedas. The word
Hindu is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in
the world, it has also been described by the modern term Sanātana Dharma
emphasizing its eternal nature. Another endonym for Hinduism is Vaidika
Dharma.
Hinduism entails diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared
concepts that discuss theology, mythology, among other topics in textual
sources. Hindu texts have been classified into Śruti and Smṛti.
The major Hindu scriptures are the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Puranas, the
Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Agamas. Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs
include the karma, saṃsāra and the four Puruṣārthas,
proper goals or aims of human life, namely: dharma, artha, kama
and moksha.Hindu
religious practices include devotion; bhakti, worship; puja,
sacrificial rites; yajna, and meditation; dhyana and yoga.
Hinduism has no central doctrinal
authority and many Hindus do not claim to belong to any denomination. However,
scholarly studies notify four major denominations: Shaivism, Shaktism, Smartism,
and Vaishnavism. The six Āstika schools of Hindu philosophy that recognise the
authority of the Vedas are: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mīmāṃsā, and
Vedanta.
My Icon: Ganesha, with his replacement head. |