TAXONOMY
James L. Reveal
Angiosperm Classification, 1996


This is James L. Reveal's Angiosperm Classification from 1996. It counts 202 orders with 551 families.

It is a slightly changed Armen Takhtajan system, with some of Robert F. Thorne and Rolf M. T. Dahlgren's ideas, combined with the latest DNA knowledge. The most invasive is defiantly the three new Classes of Magnoliophyta: Piperopsida, Ranunculopsida and Rosopsida.( Well, not that new; Rosopsida was described by August Johann Georg Carl Batsch in 1788. Piperopsida by Bartl. in 1830 and Ranunculopsida by Brongn. in 1843. Quiet impressive, considering the lack of (good) microscope and DNA analyses).

Below are the full system with families.

More systems and the history behind.

Simplified to order.

Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
  1. Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
    1. Magnolianae Takht. (1967)
    2. Lauranae Takht. (1997)
  2. Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
   1. Piperidae Reveal (1994)
    1. Piperanae Reveal (1994)
    2. Lactoridanae Takht. (1997)
    3. Rafflesianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
    4. Balanophoranae R. Dahlg. ex Rev.(1992)
   2. Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. 97
    1. Nymphaeanae Thorne ex Rev.(1992)
   3. Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
    1. Nelumbonanae Takht. ex Rev. (1992)
    2. Ceratophyllanae Takht., No.In (1997)
3. Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
              Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
              Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Hydrocharitopsida Bartl.(1830)
              Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Najadiopsida Hoff. & Link (1809)
              Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Butomanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    2. Alismatanae Takht. (1967)
   2. Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
   3. Aridae Takht. (1997)
    2. Aranae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
    3. Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Rev. (1996)
    4. Pandananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
   4. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Lilianae Takht. (1967)
   5. Arecidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Arecanae Takht. (1967)
   6. Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex R. (1992)
    2. Pontederianae Takht. ex Rev. (1992)
    3. Commelinanae Takht. (1967)
    4. Hydatellanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    5. Typhanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
    6. Juncanae Takht. (1967)
   7. Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
    1. Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
4. Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    1. Ranunculanae Takht. ex Rev. (1992)
  5. Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
   1. Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Caryophyllanae Takht. (1967)
    2. Polygonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    3. Plumbaginanae Takht. ex Re. (1992)
 2. Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
    1. Trochodendranae Takht. ex R(1996)
    2. Myrothamnanae Takht. (1997)
    3. Hamamelidanae Takht. (1967)
    4. Casuarinanae Takht., nom. in. (1997)
    5. Daphniphyllanae Takht. (1997)
              Barbeyanae Takht., no. in. (1997)
              Buxanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
    6. Juglandanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
              Faganae Takht. (1997)
 3. Dilleniidae Takht. ex Rev & Tahkt. (1993)
    1. Dillenianae Takht. (1967)
    2. Theanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
    3. Lecythidanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    4. Sarracenianae Thorne ex Rev.(1996)
    5. Nepenthanae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
    6. Ericanae Takht. (1967)
    7. Primulanae R. Dahlgren ex Rev.(1996)
    8. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
    9. Capparanae Reveal (1994)
    10. Malvanae Takht. (1967)
    11. Cucurbitanae Reveal (1994)
    12. Urticanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    13. Euphorbianae Takht. ex Rev (1992)
  4. Rosidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Saxifraganae Reveal (1994)
    2. Podostemanae R. Dahlg ex R(1992)
    3. Celastranae Takht. (1967)
    4. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
    5. Rosanae Takht. (1967)
    6. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
    7. Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
    8. Rutanae Takht. (1967)
    9. Rhamnanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    10. Proteanae Takht. (1967)
    11. Vitanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    12. Rhizophoranae Takht., no.in.1997
    13. Myrtanae Takht. (1967)
 5. Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex R (1994)
    1. Cornanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
    2. Eucommianae Takht. ex Rev. (1993)
    3. Aralianae Takht. (1967)
    4. Dipsacanae Takht. (1997)
 6. Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
    1. Gentiananae Thorne ex Rev. (1992)
    2. Solananae R. Dahlgren ex Rev. (1992)
    3. Loasanae R. Dahlgren ex Rev. (1996)
    4. Oleanae Takht. (1997)
    5. Lamianae Takht. (1967)
7. Asteridae Takht. (1967)
    1. Campanulanae Takht. ex Rev (1992)
    2. Asteranae Takht. (1967)

With families.

Magnoliophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
  1. Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
    1. Magnolianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Winterales A.C. Sm. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Takhtajaniaceae (J.-F. Leroy) J.-F. Leroy (1980)
     2. Canellales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. (1832)
              Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg. (1895)
     3. Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Illiciaceae (DC.) A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1947)
       2. Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons. (1830)
     4. Magnoliales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Degeneriaceae I.W. Bailey & A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1942)
       2. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. (1917)
       3. Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Liriodendraceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
     5. Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Eupomatiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
     6. Annonales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Hornschuchiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Monodoraceae J. Agardh (1858)
     7. Myristicales Thomé (1877)
       1. Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
     8. Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat, nom. cons. (1943)
    2. Lauranae Takht. (1997)
     1. Laurales Perleb (1826)
              Gyrocarpales Dumort. (1829)
              Monimiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1948)
       2. Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, nom. cons. (1917)
       3. Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1809)
              Atherospermataceae R. Br. (1814)
              Hortoniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) A.C. Sm. (1971)
              Siparunaceae (A. DC.) Schodde (1970)
       4. Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. (1896)
       5. Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1826)
              Gyrocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Illigeraceae Blume (1833)
       6. Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
              Perseaceae Horan. (1834)
     2. Calycanthales Mart. (1835)
       1. Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1819)
              Buttneriaceae Barnh., nom. illeg. (1895)
              Chimonanthaceae Perleb (1838)
       2. Idiospermaceae S.T. Blake (1972)
     3. Chloranthales A.C. Sm. ex J.-F. Leroy (1983)
       1. Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1821)
              Hedyosmaceae Caruel (1881)
  2. Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Aristolochiopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Asaropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Hydropeltidopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Nelumbonopsida Endl. (1839)
              Nymphaeopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Piperidae Reveal (1994)
    1. Piperanae Reveal (1994)
     1. Piperales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Saururaceae Rich. ex E. Meyer, nom. cons. (1827)
       2. Piperaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
              Peperomiaceae A.C. Sm. (1981)
    2. Lactoridanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
     2. Aristolochiales Dumort. (1829)
              Asarales Horan. (1847)
       1. Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Asaraceae Vent. (1799)
    3. Rafflesianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
     2. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
              Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
       2. Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
       3. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       4. Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
    4. Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
       1. Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom.cons. (1833)
     2. Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
       2. Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       3. Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
       4. Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       5. Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       6. Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
       7. Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
       8. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
   2. Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
    1. Nymphaeanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Nymphaeales Dumort. (1829)
              Euryalales H.L. Li (1955)
       1. Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. (1805)
              Euryalaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Nupharaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       2. Barclayaceae (Endl.) H.L. Li (1955)
   3. Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
    1. Nelumbonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Nelumbonales Nakai ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Nelumbonaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     2. Hydropeltidales Spenn. (1834)
       1. Hydropeltidaceae (DC.) Dumort. (1822)
       2. Cabombaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1828)
    2. Ceratophyllanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Ceratophyllales Bisch. (1839)
       1. Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
3. Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
              Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
              Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Najadiopsida Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
              Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Butomanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Butomales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Butomaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1815)
    2. Alismatanae Takht. (1967)
              Najadanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Alismatales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       2. Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
              Damasoniaceae Nakai (1943)
              Elismataceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
     2. Hydrocharitales Dumort. (1829)
              Elodeales Nakai (1950)
              Vallisneriales Nakai (1949)
       1. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai (1949)
              Elodeaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Enhalaceae Nakai (1943)
              Halophilaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Stratiotaceae Link (1829)
              Thalassiaceae Nakai (1943)
              Vallisneriaceae Link (1829)
     3. Aponogetonales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     4. Najadales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
     5. Juncaginales Hutch. (1934)
              Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin (1956)
       1. Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
       2. Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808)
              Heterostylaceae Hutch. (1934)
              Lilaeaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Maundiaceae Nakai (1943)
              Triglochinaceae Chev. (1827)
     6. Potamogetonales Dumort. (1829)
              Cymodoceales Nakai (1943)
              Posidoniales Nakai (1943)
              Ruppiales Nakai (1950)
              Zosterales Nakai (1943)
       1. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Hydrogetonaceae Link (1829)
       2. Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       3. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       4. Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       5. Posidoniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
              Cauliniaceae J. Presl, nom. illeg. (1846)
       6. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, nom. cons. (1909)
   2. Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    1. Triuridanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Triuridales Hook.f. (1876)
       1. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. (1843)
              Lacandoniaceae E. Martínes & Ramos (1989)
   3. Aridae Takht. (1997)
    1. Acoranae Reveal (1997)
     1. Acorales Reveal (1996)
       1. Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
    2. Aranae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Arales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Araceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Arisaraceae Raf. (1838)
              Caladiaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl. (1830)
              Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Dracontiaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Lemnaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
              Lentiscaceae Horan. (1843)
              Orontiaceae Bartl. (1830)
              Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh (1822)
              Pothoaceae Raf. (1838)
              Wolffiaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
    3. Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Cyclanthales Nakai (1930)
       1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    4. Pandananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Pandanales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Pandanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
   4. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Lilianae Takht. (1967)
              Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer (1997)
       1. Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1994)
     2. Dioscoreales Hook.f. (1876)
              Stemonales Takht. (1995)
              Taccales Dumort. (1829)
              Tamales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       2. Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
       3. Avetraceae Takht. (1997)
       4. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Tamaceae Martinov (1820)
              Tamnaceae J. Kickx f. (1826)
       5. Stemonaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1887)
              Roxburghiaceae Wall. (1832)
       6. Croomiaceae Nakai (1937)
       7. Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes (1992)
       8. Taccaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     3. Smilacales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Rhipogonaceae Conran & Cliffford (1985)
       2. Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
       3. Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
     4. Nartheciales Reveal & Zompher (1997)
       1. Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846)
              Abaminaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
              Lophiolaceae Nakai (1943)
     5. Petrosaviales Takht. (1997)
       1. Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
     6. Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
              Veratrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Chionographidaceae Takht. (1996)
       2. Heloniadaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Xerophyllaceae Takht. (1996)
       4. Melanthiaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
              Veratraceae Salisb. (1807)
       5. Japonoliriaceae Takht. (1996)
       6. Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829)
     7. Trilliales Takht. (1997)
              Paridales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Trilliaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
              Paridaceae Dumort. (1827)
     8. Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     9. Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Burchardiaceae Takht. (1996)
       2. Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
              Bulbocodiaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Merenderaceae Mirb. (1804)
       3. Tricyrtidaceae Takht. (1997)
       4. Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1843)
              Compsoaceae Horan. (1834)
       5. Scoliopaceae Takht. (1996)
       6. Calochortaceae Dumort. (1829)
     10. Liliales Perleb (1826)
       1. Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Erythroniaceae Martinov (1820)
              Fritillariaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Liriaceae Batsch (1786)
              Tulipaceae Batsch (1786)
       2. Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
     11. Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Hypoxidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
     12. Orchidales Raf. (1815)
       1. Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Apostasiaceae Lindl. (1833)
              Cypripediaceae Lindl. (1833)
              Limodoraceae Horan. (1847)
              Neottiaceae Horan. (1834)
              Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal. & V.A. Funk) R. Dalg. ex Rev. & Hoogland (1991)
              Vanillaceae Lindl. (1835)
     13. Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E. van Wyk (1988)
       2. Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai (1943)
       3. Walleriaceae (R. Dahlgren) Takht. (1994)
       4. Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons. (1862)
              Androsynaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Conantheraceae (D. Don) Hook.f. (1873)
              Cyanellaceae Salisb. (1866)
       5. Cyanastraceae Engl., nom. cons. (1900)
       6. Eriospermaceae Endl. (1841)
     14. Iridales Raf. (1815)
              Ixiales Lindl. (1835)
       1. Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Crocaceae Vest (1818)
              Galaxiaceae Raf. (1836)
              Geosiridaceae Jonker, nom. cons. (1939)
              Gladiolaceae Raf. (1838)
              Hewardiaceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
              Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley (1948)
              Ixiaceae Horan. (1834)
     15. Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1827)
              Thismiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
              Tripterellaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
       2. Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. (1878)
     16. Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
              Alliales Traub (1972)
              Narcissales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1786)
              Eucomidaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Lachenaliaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Ornithogalaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Scillaceae Vest (1818)
       2. Themidaceae Salisb. (1866)
       3. Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
              Agapanthaceae Voigt (1850)
              Cepaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Gilliesiaceae Lindl. (1826)
              Milulaceae Traub (1972)
              Tulbaghiaceae Salisb. (1866)
       4. Hesperocallidaceae Traub (1972)
       5. Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
              Brunsvigiaceae Horan. (1834)
              Crinaceae Vest (1818)
              Cyrtanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Galanthaceae G. Mey. (1836)
              Gethyllidaceae Raf. (1838)
              Haemanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Leucojaceae Batsch (1786)
              Narcissaceae Juss. (1789)
              Oporanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Pancratiaceae Horan. (1847)
              Strumariaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Zephyranthaceae Salisb. (1866)
     17. Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
       2. Convallariaceae Horan. (1834)
              Aspidistraceae Endl. (1841)
              Platymetraceae Salisb., nom. illeg. (1866)
              Polygonataceae Salisb. (1866)
              Tupistraceae Schnizl. (1846)
       3. Ophiopogonaceae Endl. (1841)
              Peliosanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
       4. Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
     18. Asteliales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Dracaenaceae Salisb. (1866)
              Sansevieriaceae Nakai (1936)
       2. Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       3. Nolinaceae Nakai (1943)
       4. Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
       6. Geitonoplesiaceae R. Dahlgr. ex Conran (1994)
       7. Luzuriagaceae Lotsy (1911)
       8. Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Lapageriaceae Kunth (1850)
     19. Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
     20. Agavales Hutch. (1934)
              Xanthorrhoeales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
              Dasypogonales Thorne, nom. nud. (1997)
       1. Dasypogonaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Baxteriaceae Takht. (1996)
              Kingiaceae Endl. (1838)
              Xerotaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1838)
       2. Calectasiaceae Endl. (1838)
       3. Hemerocallidaceae R. Br. (1810)
       4. Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
       5. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Agavaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
              Yuccaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       7. Anthericaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       8. Laxmanniaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
              Eustrephaceae Chupov (1994)
              Lomandraceae Lotsy (1911)
       9. Herreriaceae Endl. (1841)
       10. Phormiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Dianellaceae Salisb. (1866)
       11. Johnsoniaceae Lotsy (1911)
       12. Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
       13. Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       14. Aloaceae Batsch (1802)
       15. Aphyllanthaceae Burnett (1835)
       16. Hostaceae B. Mathew (1988)
              Funkiaceae Horan., nom. illeg. (1834)
   5. Arecidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Arecanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Arecales Bromhead (1840)
              Cocosales Nakai (1930)
       1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., nom. cons. (1832)
              Acristaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Borassaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb (1838)
              Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Cocosaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Coryphaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Geonomataceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle (1913)
              Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Malortieaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Manicariaceae O.F. Cook (1910)
              Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
              Palmae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Phoenicaceae Burnett (1835)
              Phytellephaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
              Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
              Sabalaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Sagaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
              Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
   6. Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Bromeliales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Tillandsiaceae Wilbr. (1834)
     2. Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Velloziaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
              Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen) P.C. Kao (1989)
              Barbaceniaceae Arn. (1832)
    2. Pontederianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Haemodorales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
              Dilatridaceae M. Roem. (1840)
              Wachendorfiaceae Herb. (1837)
              Xiphidiaceae Dumort. (1829)
     2. Philydrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
     3. Pontederiales Hook.f. (1876)
       1. Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1816)
              Heterantheraceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Unisemataceae Raf. (1837)
    3. Commelinanae Takht. (1967)
              Rapateales Colella ex Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Xyridales Lindl. (1846)
              Mayacales Nakai (1943)
       1. Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1823)
              Abolbodaceae Nakai (1943)
       3. Mayacaceae Kunth (1842)
     2. Commelinales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Commelinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Cartonemataceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1946)
              Ephemeraceae Batsch, nom. illeg. (1802)
              Tradescantiaceae Salisb. (1807)
     3. Eriocaulales Nakai (1930)
       1. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv. (1828)
    4. Hydatellanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Hydatellales Cronquist (1980)
       1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, nom. cons. (1976)
    5. Typhanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Typhales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Sparganiaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
    6. Juncanae Takht. (1967)
              Poanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Juncales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1907)
     2. Cyperales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Caricaceae Burnett, nom. illeg. (1835)
              Kobresiaceae Gilly (1952)
              Papyraceae Burnett (1835)
              Scirpaceae Batsch (1786)
     3. Flagellariales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     4. Restionales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
              Centrolepidales R. Dahlgren ex Takht. (1997)
       1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm. (1970)
       3. Restionaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Elegiaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
       5. Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
       6. Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Devauxiaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
     5. Poales Small (1903)
              Avenales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., nom. cons. (1895)
              Aegilopaceae Martinov (1820)
              Agrostidaceae Burnett (1835)
              Alopecuraceae Martinov (1820)
              Andropogonaceae Martinov (1820)
              Anomochloaceae Nakai (1943)
              Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst. (1850)
              Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
              Avenaceae Martinov (1820)
              Bambusaceae Burnett (1835)
              Chloridaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Herter (1940)
              Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
              Festucaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1952)
              Gramineae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Hordeaceae Burnett (1835)
              Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1940)
              Maydaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
              Melicaceae Martinov (1820)
              Miliaceae Burnett (1835)
              Nardaceae Martinov (1820)
              Oryzaceae Burnett (1835)
              Panicaceae Voigt (1845)
              Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter (1940)
              Parianaceae Nakai (1943)
              Phalaridaceae Burnett (1835)
              Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
              Saccharaceae Martinov (1820)
              Spartinaceae Burnett (1835)
              Sporobolaceae Herter (1941)
              Stipaceae Burnett (1835)
              Streptochaetaceae Nakai (1943)
              Tristeginaceae (Link) Herter, nom. illeg. (1940)
              Triticaceae Hochst. (1848)
              Zeaceae A. Kern. (1891)
   7. Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
    1. Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Zingiberales Griseb. (1854)
              Amomales Lindl. (1835)
              Cannales Dumort. (1829)
              Lowiales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
              Musales Reveal (1997)
       1. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch. (1934)
              Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex Rudolphi (1830)
              Amomaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
              Curcumaceae Dumort. (1829)
       2. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1941)
       3. Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       4. Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. (1924)
       5. Zingiberaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1835)
       6. Costaceae (Meisn.) Nakai (1941)
       7. Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Marantaceae Petersen, nom. cons. (1888)

4. Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
    1. Ranunculanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Lardizabalales Loconte (1995)
       1. Lardizabalaceae Decne., nom. cons. (1839)
       2. Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch. (1926)
       3. Decaisneaceae (Takht. ex Quin) Loconte (1995)
     2. Menispermales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Pseliaceae Raf. (1838)
     3. Berberidales Dumort. (1829)
              Podophyllales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Nandinaceae Horan. (1834)
       2. Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       3. Ranzaniaceae (Kumaz. & Terabayashi) Takht. (1994)
       4. Podophyllaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
       5. Leonticaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Epimediaceae Menge (1839)
     4. Ranunculales Dumort. (1829)
              Helleborales Nakai (1949)
              Hydrastidales Takht. (1997)
       1. Hydrastidaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Actaeaceae Raf. (1828)
              Anemonaceae Vest (1818)
              Aquilegiaceae Lilja (1870)
              Calthaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cimicifugaceae (Arn.) Bromhead (1840)
              Clematidaceae Martinov (1820)
              Delphiniaceae Brenner (1886)
              Helleboraceae Vest (1818)
              Nigellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Thalictraceae Raf. (1815)
     5. Circaeasterales Takh. (1997)
       1. Kingdoniaceae A.S. Foster ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       2. Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
     6. Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Glaucidiaceae Tamura (1972)
     7. Paeoniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Paeoniaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
     8. Papaverales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Pteridophyllaceae (Murb.) Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
       2. Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Chelidoniaceae Martinov (1820)
              Corydalaceae Vest (1818)
              Eschscholziaceae Ser. (1847)
              Fumariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
              Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Willk. & Lange (1880)
              Platystemonaceae (Rchb. ex Spach) Lilja (1870)
  5. Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
              Aceropsida Endl. (1840)
              Aesculopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Asclepidopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Asteropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Cactopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Campanulopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Caprifoliopsida Endl. (1838)
              Caryophyllopsida Bartl. (1825)
              Celastropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Cistopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Coffeopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Convolvulopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Crassulopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Crotonopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Cucurbitopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Daphnopsida Meisn. (1841)
              Diospyropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Ericopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Frangulopsida Endl. (1840)
              Geraniopsida Meisn. (1837)
              Hamamelidopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Ligustropsida Bartl. ex Meisn. (1840)
              Loniceropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Loranthopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Malpighiopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Malvopsida R. Br. (1818)
              Myrsinopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Myrtopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Oeotheropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Opuntiopsida Endl. (1839)
              Passifloropsida Brongn. (1843)
              Plantaginopsida Meisn. (1841)
              Plumbaginopsida Endl. (1837)
              Polygalopsida Endl. (1840)
              Polygonopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Primulopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Proteopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Rhamnopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Rubiopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Rutopsida A. Juss. ex Meisn. (1837)
              Salicopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Santalopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Saxifragopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Selaginopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Solanopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Styracopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Thymelaeopsida Endl. (1837)
              Urticopsida Bartl. (1830)
              Verbenopsida Brongn. (1843)
              Violopsida Brongn. (1843)
   1. Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Caryophyllanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Caryophyllales Perleb (1826)
              Amaranthales Dumort. (1829)
              Atriplicales Horan. (1847)
              Cactales Dumort. (1829)
              Chenopodiales Dumort. (1829)
              Nyctaginales Dumort. (1829)
              Opuntiales Willk. (1854)
              Petiveriales Lindl. (1833)
              Portulacales Dumort. (1829)
              Scleranthales Dumort. (1829)
              Silenales Lindl. (1833)
              Stellariales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Achatocarpaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1934)
       2. Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Montiaceae Raf. (1820)
       3. Hectorellaceae Philipson & Skipw. (1961)
       4. Basellaceae Moq., nom. cons. (1840)
              Anrederaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Ullucaceae Nakai (1942)
       5. Didiereaceae Drake, nom. cons. (1903)
       6. Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cereaceae DC. & Spreng. (transl. W. Jameson) (1821)
              Opuntiaceae Martinov (1820)
       7. Stegnospermataceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1942)
       8. Phytolaccaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
              Sarcocaceae Raf. (1837)
       9. Petiveriaceae C. Agardh (1824)
              Hilleriaceae Nakai (1942)
              Riviniaceae C. Agardh (1824)
              Seguieriaceae Nakai (1942)
       10. Gisekiaceae (Endl.) Nakai (1942)
       11. Agdestidaceae (Heimerl) Nakai (1942)
       12. Barbeuiaceae (H. Walter) T. Nakai (1942)
       13. Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Allioniaceae Horan. (1834)
              Bougainvilleaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Jalapaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
              Mirabilidaceae W.R.B. Oliv. (1936)
              Pisoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       14. Sarcobataceae Behnke (1997)
       15. Aizoaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
              Galeniaceae Raf. (1819)
              Mesembryaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl, nom. cons. (1836)
       16. Sesuviaceae Horan. (1834)
       17. Tetragoniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. (1942)
              Corrigiolaceae (Dumort.) Dumort. (1829)
       18. Halophytaceae A. Soriano (1984)
       19. Molluginaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
              Adenogrammaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
              Glinaceae Link (1831)
              Pharnaceaceae Martinov (1820)
              Polpodaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
              Telephiaceae Martinov (1820)
       20. Chenopodiaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
              Atriplicaceae Durande (1782)
              Betaceae Burnett (1835)
              Blitaceae Adans. (1763)
              Corispermaceae Link (1831)
              Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax, nom. cons. (1927)
              Polycnemaceae Menge (1839)
              Salicorniaceae Martinov (1820)
              Salsolaceae Menge (1839)
              Spinaciaceae Menge (1839)
       21. Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Achyranthaceae Raf. (1837)
              Celosiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Deeringiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Gomphrenaceae Raf. (1837)
       22. Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Alsinaceae (Lam. & DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1825)
              Cerastiaceae Vest (1818)
              Dianthaceae Vest (1818)
              Herniariaceae Durande (1782)
              Illecebraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Lychnidaceae (Fenzl ex Endl.) Lilja (1870)
              Ortegaceae Martinov (1820)
              Paronychiaceae Juss. (1815)
              Polycarpaeaceae (DC.) Schur (1866)
              Scleranthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Silenaceae (DC.) Bartl. (1825)
              Spergulaceae Adans. (1763)
              Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
    2. Polygonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Polygonales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Calligonaceae Khalk. (1985)
              Eriogonaceae (Dumort.) G. Don (1839)
              Persicariaceae Adans. (1763)
              Rumicaceae Martinov (1820)
    3. Plumbaginanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Plumbaginales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Aegialitidaceae Lincz. (1968)
              Armeriaceae Horan. (1834)
              Limoniaceae Ser. (1851)
              Staticaceae Cassel (1817)
  2. Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
    1. Trochodendranae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Trochodendraceae Prantl, nom. cons. (1888)
       2. Tetracentraceae A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1945)
     2. Eupteleales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Eupteleaceae K. Wilh., nom. cons. (1910)
     3. Cercidiphyllales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
    2. Myrothamnanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Myrothamnales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. (1891)
    3. Hamamelidanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Hamamelidales Griseb. (1854)
              Platanales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
       1. Hamamelidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
              Bucklandiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
              Disanthaceae Nakai (1943)
              Fothergillaceae Nutt. (1818)
              Parrotiaceae Horan. (1834)
              Rhodoleiaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
       3. Platanaceae T. Lestib. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    4. Casuarinanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Casuarinales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Casuarinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
    5. Daphniphyllanae Takht. (1997)
              Barbeyanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
              Buxanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal (1993)
       1. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. (1916)
     2. Daphniphyllales Pulle ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg., nom. cons. (1869)
     3. Balanopales Engl. (1897)
       1. Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
     4. Didymelales Takht. (1967)
       1. Didymelaceae Leandri (1937)
     5. Buxales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
              Pachysandraceae J. Agardh (1858)
     6. Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
       1. Simmondsiaceae  Tiegh. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
    6. Juglandanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
              Faganae Takht. (1997)
     1. Fagales Engl. (1892)
              Quercales Burnett (1835)
       1. Nothofagaceae Kuprian. (1962)
       2. Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Castaneaceae Adans. (1763)
              Quercaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     2. Corylales Dumort. (1829)
              Betulales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Corylaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
       2. Stylocerataceae (Pax) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
              Carpinaceae Vest (1818)
       3. Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez (1991)
     3. Myricales Engl. (1897)
       1. Myricaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1829)
     4. Rhoipteleales Novák ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz., nom. cons. (1932)
     5. Juglandales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Juglandaceae A. Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
3. Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
    1. Dillenianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Dilleniales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807)
              Hibbertiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Soramiaceae Martinov (1820)
    2. Theanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
     2. Theales Lindl. (1833)
              Hypericales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Stachyuraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Theaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
              Camelliaceae DC. (1816)
              Gordoniaceae (DC.) Spreng. (1826)
              Malachodendraceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
              Sladeniaceae (Gilg & Werderm.) Airy Shaw (1964)
              Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. (1816)
       3. Asteropeiaceae (Szyszyl.) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       4. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       5. Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959)
       6. Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       7. Marcgraviaceae Choisy (1824)
       8. Caryocaraceae Szyszyl., nom. cons. (1893)
              Rhizobolaceae DC., nom. illeg. (1824)
       9. Pellicieraceae (Triana & Planch.) L. Beauvis. ex Bullock (1959)
       10. Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Ascyraceae Plenck (1796)
              Bonnetiaceae (Bartl.) L. Beauv. ex Nakai (1948)
              Calophyllaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Cambogiaceae Horan. (1834)
              Garciniaceae Bartl. (1830)
              Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
     3. Physenales Takht. (1997)
       1. Physenaceae Takht. (1985)
     4. Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal (1992)
              Medusagynales Takht., nom. invalid. (1997)
       1. Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       2. Strasburgeriaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       3. Scytopetalaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
              Rhaptopetalaceae Tiegh. ex Soler. (1908)
       4. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
              Gomphiaceae DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
              Lophiraceae Loud. (1830)
              Luxemburgiaceae Soler. (1908)
              Sauvagesiaceae (Ging. ex DC.) Dumort. (1829)
       5. Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
     5. Elatinales Nakai (1949)
       1. Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Alsinastraceae Rupr., nom. illeg. (1860)
              Cryptaceae Raf. (1820)
     6. Ancistrocladales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. (1851)
     7. Dioncophyllales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw, nom. cons. (1952)
    3. Lecythidanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Lecythidales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Lecythidaceae Poit., nom. cons. (1825)
              Barringtoniaceae (DC. ex Schltdl.) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
              Belvisiaceae R. Br., nom. illeg. (1821)
              Gustaviaceae Burnett (1835)
       2. Asteranthaceae R. Knuth, nom. cons. (1939)
       3. Napoleonaeaceae A. Rich. (1827)
       4. Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw (1964)
    4. Sarracenianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Sarraceniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Heliamphoraceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1992)
    5. Nepenthanae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Nepenthales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Nepenthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     2. Droserales Griseb. (1854)
       1. Droseraceae Salisb. (1808)
              Aldrovandaceae Nakai (1949)
              Dionaeaceae Raf. (1837)
              Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1989)
    6. Ericanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Actinidiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
              Saurauiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
     2. Ericales Dumort. (1829)
              Empetrales Raf. (1838)
              Rhodorales Horan. (1847)
              Vacciniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Cyrillaceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. (1851)
       3. Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Andromedaceae (Endl.)DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
              Arbutaceae (Meisn.) Bromhead (1840)
              Arctostaphylaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Azaleaceae Vest (1818)
              Diplarchaceae Klotzsch (1860)
              Empetraceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
              Epacridaceae R. Br. (1810)
              Hypopityaceae Link (1831)
              Kalmiaceae Durande (1782)
              Ledaceae Link (1821)
              Menziesiaceae Klotzsch (1851)
              Monotropaceae Nutt., nom. cons. (1818)
              Prionotaceae Hutch. (1969)
              Pyrolaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Rhododendraceae Juss. (1789)
              Rhodoraceae Vent. (1799)
              Salaxidaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Siphonandraceae Klotzsch, nom. illeg. (1851)
              Stypheliaceae Horan. (1834)
              Vacciniaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     3. Diapensiales Engl. & Gilg (1924)
       1. Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Galacaceae D. Don (1828)
     4. Bruniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bruniaceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1825)
              Berzeliaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Grubbiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1839)
              Ophiraceae Arn. (1841)
     5. Geissolomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Geissolomataceae Endl. (1841)
     6. Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828)
    7. Primulanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Styracales Bisch. (1839)
              Diospyrales Prantl (1874)
              Ebenales Engl. (1892)
              Sapotales Hook.f. (1868)
       1. Styracaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Halesiaceae D. Don (1828)
       2. Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. (1820)
       3. Ebenaceae Gürcke, nom. cons. (1891)
              Diospyraceae Durande (1782)
              Guaiacanaceae Juss. (1789)
       4. Lissocarpaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       5. Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Achradaceae Vest (1818)
              Boerlagellaceae H.J. Lam (1925)
              Bumeliaceae Barnh. (1895)
              Sarcospermataceae H.J. Lam (1925)
     2. Primulales Dumort. (1829)
              Myrsinales Bromhead (1838)
              Samolales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Theophrastaceae Link (1829)
       2. Myrsinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Aegicerataceae Blume (1833)
              Ardisiaceae Juss. (1810)
              Embeliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Primulaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
              Anagallidaceae Adans. (1763)
              Coridaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Lysimachiaceae Durande (1782)
              Samolaceae Raf. (1820)
    8. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Violales Perleb (1826)
              Flacourtiales Heintze (1927)
              Homaliales Bromhead (1838)
              Lacistematales Baskerville (1839)
              Samydales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Berberidopsidaceae (Veldk.) Takht. (1985)
       2. Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985)
       3. Bembiciaceae R.C. Keating & Takht. (1996)
       4. Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
              Blakwelliaceae T. Lestib., nom. illeg. (1826)
              Homaliaceae R. Br. (1818)
              Kiggelariaceae Link (1831)
              Pangiaceae Endl. (1841)
              Prockiaceae Bertuch (1801)
              Samydaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1808)
       5. Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. (1826)
       6. Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. (1950)
       7. Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
              Alsodiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.J. Koch (1823)
              Leoniaceae A. DC. (1844)
       8. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
       9. Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
     2. Passiflorales Dumort. (1829)
              Turnerales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Passifloraceae Juss. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1817)
              Modeccaceae Horan. (1847)
              Paropsiaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Smeathmanniaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
       2. Turneriaceae Kunth ex DC., nom. cons. (1828)
              Piriquetaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Malesherbiaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1827)
       4. Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1897)
     3. Caricales L.D. Benson (1957)
       1. Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Papayaceae Blume, nom. illeg. (1826)
     4. Salicales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
     5. Elaeocarpales Takht. (1997)
       1. Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
      &˙nbsp;       Aristoteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
     6. Tamaricales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
              Reaurmuriaceae Ehrenb. ex Lindl. (1830)
       2. Frankeniaceae A. St.-Hil. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
    9. Capparanae Reveal (1994)
              Gyrostemonanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Moringales Nakai (1943)
       1. Moringaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Hyperantheraceae Link (1829)
     2. Gyrostemonales Takht. (1997)
       1. Gyrostemonaceae Endl. (1841)
     3. Batales Engl. (1907)
       1. Bataceae Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
     4. Capparales Hutch. (1924)
              Brassicales Bromhead (1838)
              Resedales Dumort. (1829)
              Tovariales Nakai (1943)
       1. Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1895)
       2. Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928)
       3. Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cleomaceae Horan. (1834)
              Oxystylidaceae Hutch. (1969)
       4. Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (1835)
              Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Drabaceae Martinov (1820)
              Erysimaceae Martinov (1820)
              Raphanaceae Horan. (1847)
              Schizopetalaceae A. Juss. (1848)
              Sismbriaceae Martinov (1820)
              Stanleyaceae Nutt. (1834)
              Thlaspiaceae Adans. (1763)
       5. Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. (1891)
       6. Resedaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
              Astrocarpaceae A. Kern. (1891)
    10. Malvanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Cistales Rchb.f. (1828)
              Bixales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Bixaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       2. Cochlospermaceae Planch. (1847)
       3. Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Helianthemaceae G. Mey. (1836)
       4. Diegodendraceae Capuron (1964)
     2. Malvales Dumort. (1829)
              Tiliales Caruel (1881)
       1. Tiliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Sparmanniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
       3. Monotaceae (Gilg) Takht. (1987)
       4. Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825)
       5. Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. (1881)
              Rhodolaenaceae Bullock (1958)
              Schizolaenaceae Barnh. (1895)
       6. Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       7. Huaceae A. Chev. (1947)
       8. Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Byttneriaceae R. Br. (1814)
              Cacaoaceae Augier ex T. Post & Kuntze (1903)
              Chiranthodendraceae A. Gray (1887)
              Dombeyaceae Kunth ex Desf. (1829)
              Fremontiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
              Helicteraceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Hermanniaceae Durande (1782)
              Lasiopetalaceae Rchb. (1823)
              Melochiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Pentapetaceae Spreng. (1826)
              Theobromataceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Triplobaceae Raf. (1838)
       9. Sphaerosepalaceae (Warb.) Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959)
              Rhopalocarpaceae Hemsl. ex Takht. (1987)
       10. Bombacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
       11. Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Fugosiaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
              Hibiscaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Philippodendraceae Endl. (1841)
              Plagianthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     3. Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
              Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
              Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
              Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)
    11. Cucurbitanae Reveal (1994)
     1. Begoniales Dumort. (1829)
              Datiscales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Datiscaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Tetramelaceae (Warb.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       2. Begoniaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
     2. Cucurbitales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Bryoniaceae Adans. (1763)
              Cyclantheraceae Lilja (1870)
              Nhandirobaceae T. Lestib. (1826)
              Zanoniaceae Dumort. (1829)
    12. Urticanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Urticales Dumort. (1829)
              Ficales Dumort. (1829)
              Ulmales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
       2. Celtidaceae Link (1831)
       3. Moraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
              Artocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Dorsteniaceae Chev. (1827)
              Ficaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort. (1829)
       4. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg (1978)
       5. Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       6. Cannabaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1837)
              Lupulaceae Link (1831)
    13. Euphorbianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
              Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
       1. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
              Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
              Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
              Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
              Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
              Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
              Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
              Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
              Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
              Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
              Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom. cons. (1920)
              Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
              Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
              Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
              Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
              Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
              Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
              Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
              Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
              Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
              Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
              Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       2. Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
              Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg. (1846-1866)
       3. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
              Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
   4. Rosidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Saxifraganae Reveal (1994)
     1. Cunoniales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Cunoniaceae R. Br. (1814)
              Baueraceae Lindl. (1830)
              Belangeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Callicomaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Davidsoniaceae Bange (1952)
       3. Eucryphiaceae Endl. (1841)
       4. Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
     2. Cephalotales Nakai (1943)
       1. Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     3. Greyiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
     4. Francoales Takht. (1997)
       1. Francoaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1832)
     5. Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
     6. Saxifragales Dumort. (1829)
              Crassulales Lindl. (1833)
              Grossulariales Lindl. (1833)
              Sedales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt., nom. cons. (1901)
       3. Crassulaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
              Cotyledonaceae Martinov (1820)
              Rhodiolaceae Martinov (1820)
              Sedaceae Adans. (1763)
              Sempervivaceae Durande (1782)
              Tillaeaceae Martinov (1820)
       4. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
              Ribesiaceae Marq. (1820)
       5. Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons. (1905)
       6. Iteaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
       7. Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Pectiantiaceae Raf. (1837)
    2. Podostemanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
     2. Haloragales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Haloragaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
              Cercodiaceae Juss. (1817)
              Myriophyllaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
     3. Podostemales Lindl. (1833)
              Marathrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Podostemaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1822)
              Marathraceae Dumort. (1829)
              Philocrenaceae Bongard (1834)
              Tristichaceae Willis (1915)
    3. Celastranae Takht. (1967)
              Corynocarpanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Brexiales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Brexiaceae Loud. (1830)
              Ixerbaceae Griseb. (1854)
              Rousseaceae DC. (1839)
     2. Parnassiales Nakai (1943)
       1. Parnassiaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       2. Lepuropetalaceae (Engl.) Nakai (1943)
     3. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
       1. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
              Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
              Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
              Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
              Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
              Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep. & Tardieu exTardieu,nom.cons. (1951)
       2. Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
       3. Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
       4. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
     4. Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
     5. Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
              Cardiopteridales Tahkt. (1997)
              Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
              Metteniusales Takht. (1997)
       1. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       2. Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
       3. Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw (1972)
       4. Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers, nom. cons. (1851)
              Metteniusaceae H. Karst. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
              Pennantiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Phytocrenaceae Arn. ex R. Br. (1852)
       5. Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1847)
              Peripterygiaceae F.N. Williams (1905)
       6. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
     6. Corynocarpales Takht. (1997)
       1. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
    4. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
       1. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
     2. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
              Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
              Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
              Olacales Benth. (1862)
       1. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
              Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
              Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons. (1942)
              Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
              Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
              Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
              Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
       2. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
              Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
              Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
              Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
       4. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
              Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Nuytsiaceae Tiegh. (1896)
              Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
       6. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
       7. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
              Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
              Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
              Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
    5. Rosanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Rosales Perleb (1826)
              Chrysobalanales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
              Sanguisorbales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Agrimoniaceae Gray (1821)
              Alchemillaceae Martinov (1820)
              Amygdalaceae (Juss.) D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
              Cercocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Coleogynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Cydoniaceae Schnizl. (1858)
              Dryadaceae Gray (1821)
              Fragariaceae Nestl. (1816)
              Lindleyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Malaceae Small ex Britt., nom. cons. (1903)
              Mespilaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
              Neilliaceae Miq. (1855)
              Potentillaceae (Juss.) Wilbr. (1824)
              Poteriaceae Raf. (1815)
              Prunaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Pyraceae Vest (1818)
              Quillajaceae D. Don (1831)
              Rhodotypaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Sanguisorbaceae Durande (1782)
              Sorbaceae Brenner (1886)
              Spiraeaceae Bertuch (1801)
              Tormentillaceae Martinov (1820)
              Ulmariaceae Gray (1821)
       2. Neuradaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
              Grielaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
              Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
              Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
    6. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
              Biebersteiniales Takht. (1997)
              Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
       1. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
              Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
              Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
       2. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
              Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
              Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
              Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
              Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
              Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
     2. Linales Baskerville (1839)
              Zygophyllales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
       2. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
       3. Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       4. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
       5. Humiriaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
              Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       7. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
              Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
              Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
              Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
              Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
     3. Balsaminales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
              Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
              Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
     4. Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
              Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
       1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       3. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
              Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
       4. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
              Tetrathecaceae R. Br. (1814)
       5. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     5. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
              Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
              Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       3. Emblingiaceae (Pax) Airy Shaw (1964)
    7. Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Fabales Bromhead (1838)
              Cassiales Horan. (1847)
       1. Mimosaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       2. Caesalpiniaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
              Bauhiniaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cassiaceae Vest (1818)
              Ceratoniaceae Link (1831)
              Detariaceae (DC.) J. Hess (1832)
              Swartzieae (DC.) Bartl. (1830)
       3. Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Aspalathaceae Martinov (1820)
              Astragalaceae Martinov (1820)
              Ciceraceae Steele (1847)
              Coronillaceae Martinov (1820)
              Galedupaceae Martinov (1820)
              Hedysaraceae Oken (1826)
              Inocarpaceae Zoll. (1854-1855)
              Lathyraceae Burnett (1835)
              Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Lotaceae Oken (1826)
              Papilionaceae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
              Phaseolaceae Schnizl. (1843-1870)
              Robiniaceae Vest (1818)
              Tamarindaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Viciaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
  8. Rutanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Sapindales Dumort. (1829)
              Acerales Lindl. (1833)
              Aesculales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Staphyleaceae (DC.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1829)
              Ochranthaceae Endl. (1841)
       2. Tapisciaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
       3. Melianthaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       4. Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Allophylaceae Martinov (1820)
              Dodonaeaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
              Koelreuteriaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Ornithropaceae Martinov (1820)
              Paulliniaceae Durande (1782)
       5. Hippocastanaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
              Aesculaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Paviaceae Horan. (1834)
       6. Aceraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       7. Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       8. Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1912)
     2. Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
              Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
     3. Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
       1. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
     4. Sabiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1851)
              Meliosmaceae Endl. (1841)
              Millingtoniaceae Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. (1834)
              Wellingtoniaceae Meisn. (1840)
     5. Connarales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Connaraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
              Cnestiaceae (Raf.) Raf. (1830)
     6. Rutales Perleb (1826)
              Citrales Dumort. (1829)
              Leitneriales Engl. (1897)
              Meliales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Amyridaceae Kunth (1824)
              Aurantiaceae Durande (1782)
              Boroniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Citraceae Roussel (1806)
              Cuspariaceae (DC.) Tratt., nom. illeg. (1825)
              Dictamnaceae Vest (1818)
              Diosmaceae R. Br. ex Bartl. (1830)
              Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Flindersiaceae (Engl.) C.T. White ex Airy Shaw (1964)
              Fraxinellaceae Nees & Mart. (1823)
              Jamboliferaceae Martinov (1820)
              Monieraceae Raf., nom. illeg. (1838)
              Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Pteleaceae Kunth (1824)
              Spatheliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Zanthoxylaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       2. Rhabdodendraceae (Huber) Prance (1968)
       3. Cneoraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
              Chamaeleaceae Bertol., nom. illeg. (1834)
       4. Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
              Ailanthaceae (Arn.) J. Agardh (1858)
              Castelaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Quassiaceae Bertol. (1827)
              Simabaceae Horan. (1847)
              Soulameaceae Endl. (1841)
       5. Picramniaceae (Engler) Fernando & Quinn (1995)
       6. Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
       7. Surianaceae Arn. (1834)
              Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       8. Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
       9. Kirkiaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1967)
       10. Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F. Leroy (1960)
       11. Tepuianthaceae Maguire & Steyerm. (1981)
       12. Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Aitoniaceae (Harv.) R.A. Dyer, nom. inadmiss. (1975)
              Cedrelaceae R. Br. (1814)
              Swieteniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       13. Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
     7. Coriariales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
     8. Burserales Baskerville (1839)
              Julianiales Engl. (1907)
       1. Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
              Balsameaceae Dumort. (1829)
       2. Anacardiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
              Cassuviaceae Juss. ex R. Br., nom. illeg. (1818)
              Comocladiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Julianiaceae Hemsl., nom. cons. (1906)
              Pistaciaceae Adans. (1763)
              Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler (1826)
              Schinaceae Raf. (1837)
              Spondiadaceae Martinov (1820)
              Sumachieae (DC.) Perleb, nom. illeg. (1838)
              Terebinthaceae Durande, nom. illeg. (1782)
              Vernicaceae Link (1831)
       3. Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch. (1889)
    9. Rhamnanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
              Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
       1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
              Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
              Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
     2. Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
    10. Proteanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Proteales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Lepidocarpaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
    11. Vitanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Vitales Reveal (1996)
       1. Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Ampelopsidaceae Kostel. (1835)
              Cissaceae Drejer (1840)
              Pterisanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    12. Rhizophoranae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
              Anisophylleales Takht. (1997)
       1. Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922)
              Polygonanthaceae Croizat (1943)
       2. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
              Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
              Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
    13. Myrtanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Myrtales Rchb.f. (1828)
              Combretales Baskerville (1839)
              Lythrales Caruel (1881)
              Melastomatales Oliv. (1895)
              Oenotherales Bromhead (1838)
              Onagrales Rchb.f. (1828)
              Penaeales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Combretaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Bucidaceae Spreng. (1825)
              Myrobalanaceae Martinov (1820)
              Sheadendraceae Bertol. (1850)
              Terminaliaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
       2. Crypteroniaceae A. DC., nom. cons. (1868)
              Henslowiaceae Lindl. (1835)
       3. Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Blakeaceae Rchb. ex Barnh. (1895)
              Memecylaceae DC. ex Schltdl. (1827)
              Miconiaceae K. Koch (1857)
              Mouririaceae Gardner (1840)
              Rhexiaceae Dumort. (1822)
       4. Psiloxylaceae Croizat (1960)
       5. Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       6. Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Chamelauciaceae (DC.) Rudolphi (1830)
              Kaniaceae Nakai (1943)
              Leptospermaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi (1830)
              Melaleucaceae Vest (1818)
              Myrrhiniaceae Arn. (1839)
       7. Alzateaceae S.A. Graham (1985)
       8. Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs (1985)
       9. Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. (1828)
       10. Oliniaceae Harv. & Sond., nom. cons. (1862)
       11. Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
              Ammanniaceae Horan. (1834)
              Blattiaceae Nied. (1892)
              Duabangaceae Takht. (1986)
              Lagerstroemiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Lawsoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Punicaceae Horan., nom. cons. (1834)
              Salicariaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
              Sonneratiaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       12. Trapaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       13. Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Circaeaceae Ruthe (1827)
              Epilobiaceae Vent. (1799)
              Fuchsiaceae (DC.) Lilja (1870)
              Isnardiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Jussiaeaceae Martinov (1820)
              Lopeziaceae (Spach) Lilja (1870)
              Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin (1807)
 5. Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
    1. Cornanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Hydrangeales Nakai (1943)
              Hortensiales Griseb. (1854)
       1. Escalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Polyosmaceae Blume (1851)
       2. Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Hortensiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Kirengeshomaceae Nakai (1943)
              Philadelphaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Abrophyllaceae Nakai (1943)
       4. Argophyllaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       5. Corokiaceae Kapil ex Takht. (1997)
       6. Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       7. Carpodetaceae Fenzl (1841)
       8. Phyllonomaceae Small (1905)
              Dulongiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
       9. Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       10. Tribelaceae (Engl.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       11. Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw (1972)
       12. Montiniaceae Nakai (1943)
       13. Kaliphoraceae Takht. (1996)
       14. Eremosynaceae Dandy (1959)
       15. Vahliaceae Dandy (1959)
       16. Columelliaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1828)
     2. Roridulales Nakai (1943)
       1. Roridulaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
     3. Garryales Lindl. (1846)
              Aucubales Takht. (1997)
       1. Aucubaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1834)
     4. Desfontainiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Desfontainiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
     5. Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C. Stone (1980)
     6. Cornales Dumort. (1829)
              Griseliniales Takht. (1997)
       1. Mastixiaceae Calest. (1905)
       2. Davidiaceae (Harms) H.L. Li (1955)
       3. Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       4. Curtisiaceae (Harms) Takht. (1987)
       5. Cornaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Alangiaceae DC., nom. cons. (1828)
       7. Griseliniaceae J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. ex A. Cunn. (1839)
    2. Eucommianae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Eucommiales Nemejc ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
    3. Aralianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
              Helwingiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)
       2. Torricelliaceae (Wang.) Hu (1934)
     2. Pittosporales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Pittosporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
     3. Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin, nom. cons. (1922)
     4. Araliales Reveal (1996)
              Ammiales Small (1903)
              Apiales Nakai (1930)
       1. Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Botryodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Hederaceae Giseke (1792)
       2. Hydrocotylaceae (Link) N. Hyl., nom. cons. (1945)
       3. Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Ammiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl ex Barnh. (1895)
              Angelicaceae Martinov (1820)
              Bupleuraceae Martinov (1820)
              Coriandraceae Burnett (1835)
              Daucaceae Martinov (1820)
              Eryngiaceae Raf. (1838)
              Imperatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
              Pastinacaceae Martinov (1820)
              Saniculaceae (Burnett) A. Löve & D. Löve (1974)
              Smyrniaceae Burnett (1835)
              Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
    4. Dipsacanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Dipsacales Dumort. (1829)
              Adoxales Nakai (1949)
              Caprifoliales Lindl. (1833)
              Lonicerales T. Liebe (1866)
              Viburnales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Viburnaceae Raf. (1820)
              Tinaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Sambucaceae Batsch (1786)
       3. Adoxaceae Trautv., nom. cons. (1853)
       4. Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Loniceraceae Vest (1818)
       5. Valerianaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
              Triplostegiaceae (Höck) Airy Shaw (1964)
       6. Dipsacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Scabiosaceae Adans. (1763)
       7. Morinaceae Raf. (1820)
  6. Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
    1. Gentiananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Gentianales Lindl. (1833)
              Chironiales Griseb. (1854)
              Loganiales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Gelsemiaceae (G. Don) Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
       2. Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. (1827)
       3. Strychnaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818)
              Antoniaceae Hutch. (1959)
              Gardneriaceae Wall. ex Perleb (1838)
              Spigeliaceae Mart. (1827)
       4. Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Chironiaceae Horan. (1843)
              Coutoubeaceae Martinov (1820)
              Obolariaceae Martinov (1820)
              Potaliaceae Mart. (1827)
       5. Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires (1978)
       6. Geniostomaceae Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
       7. Plocospermataceae Hutch. (1973)
     2. Rubiales Dumort. (1829)
              Cinchonales Lindl. (1835)
              Galiales Bromhead (1838)
              Theligonales Nakai (1942)
       1. Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni, nom. cons. (1948)
       2. Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Aparinaceae Adans. (1763)
              Asperulaceae Spenn. (1835)
              Catesbaeaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cephalanthaceae Raf. (1820)
              Cinchonaceae Batsch (1802)
              Coffeaceae Batsch (1802)
              Coutareaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cynocrambaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
              Galiaceae Lindl. (1836)
              Gardeniaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Guettardaceae Batsch (1802)
              Hedyotidaceae Dumort. (1822)
              Henriqueziaceae Bremek. (1957)
              Houstoniaceae Raf. (1840)
              Hydrophylacaceae Martinov (1820)
              Lippayaceae Meisn. (1838)
              Lygodisodeaceae Bartl. (1830)
              Naucleaceae (DC.) Wernh. (1911)
              Nonateliaceae Martinov (1820)
              Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb (1818)
              Pagamaeaceae Martinov (1820)
              Psychotriaceae Rudolphi (1830)
              Randicaceae Martinov (1820)
              Sabiceaceae Martinov (1820)
              Theligonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
     3. Apocynales Bromhead (1838)
              Asclepiadales Dumort. (1829)
              Vincales Horan. (1847)
       1. Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Asclepiadaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Cerberaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cynanchaceae G. Mey. (1836)
              Ophioxylaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
              Pacouriaceae Martinov (1820)
              Periplocaceae Schltr., nom. cons. (1905)
              Plumeriaceae Horan. (1834)
              Stapeliaceae Horan. (1834)
              Vincaceae Vest (1818)
              Willughbeaceae J. Agardh (1858)
    2. Solananae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Solanales Dumort. (1829)
              Boraginales Dumort. (1829)
              Convolvulales Dumort. (1829)
              Nolanales Lindl. (1835)
              Polemoniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Atropaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cestraceae Schltdl. (1833)
              Daturaceae Raf. (1828)
              Hyoscyamaceae Vest (1818)
              Lyciaceae Raf. (1840)
              Nicotianaceae Martinov (1820)
              Nolanaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Salpiglossidaceae (Benth.) Hutch. (1969)
       2. Sclerophylacaceae Miers (1848)
       3. Goetzeaceae Miers ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       4. Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm. (1950)
       5. Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cressaceae Raf. (1821)
              Dichondraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisn. (1840)
              Humbertiaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1947)
              Poranaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       6. Cuscutaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       7. Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cobaeaceae D. Don (1824)
       8. Hydrophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
              Ellisiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Eutocaceae Horan. (1847)
              Hydroleaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
              Sagoneaceae Martinov (1820)
       9. Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Anchusaceae Vest (1818)
              Buglossaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
              Cerinthaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cordiaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Echiaceae Raf. (1837)
              Ehretiaceae Mart. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
              Heliotropiaceae Schrad. (1819)
              Onosmaceae Martinov (1820)
              Sebestenaceae Vent. (1799)
              Wellstediaceae (Pilg.) Novák (1943)
       10. Tetrachondraceae Wettst. (1924)
       11. Hoplestigmataceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       12. Lennoaceae Solms, nom. cons. (1870)
    3. Loasanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Loasales Bessey (1907)
       1. Loasaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
              Cevalliaceae Griseb. (1854)
              Gronoviaceae Endl. (1841)
    4. Oleanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Oleales Lindl. (1833)
              Jasminales Dumort. (1829)
              Ligustrales Bartl. ex Bisch. (1839)
       1. Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. (1813-1820)
              Bolivariaceae Griseb. (1838)
              Forestieraceae Endl. (1841)
              Fraxinaceae Vest (1818)
              Jasminaceae Adans. (1763)
              Ligustraceae G. Mey. (1836)
              Lilacaceae Vent., nom. illeg. (1799)
              Nyctanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Schreberaceae (Wight) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
              Syringaceae Horan. (1847)
    5. Lamianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
              Acanthales Lindl. (1833)
              Bignoniales Lindl. (1833)
              Callitrichales Dumort. (1829)
              Gesneriales Dumort. (1829)
              Globulariales Dumort. (1829)
              Lentibulariales Lindl. (1833)
              Pinguiculales Dumort. (1829)
              Plantaginales Lindl. (1833)
              Rhinanthales Dumort. (1829)
              Scrophulariales Lindl. (1833)
              Verbenales Horan. (1847)
       1. Buddlejaceae K. Wilh. (1910)
       2. Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1831)
              Retziaceae Bartl. (1830)
       3. Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Crescentiaceae Dumort. (1829)
       4. Paulowniaceae Nakai (1949)
       5. Schlegeliaceae (A.H. Gentry) Reveal (1996)
       6. Globulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
       7. Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Hebenstretiaceae Horan. (1834)
              Selaginaceae Choisy, nom. cons. (1823)
              Verbasaceae Raf. (1821)
       8. Veronicaceae Durande (1782)
              Antirrhinaceae Pers. (1807)
              Caprariaceae Martinov (1820)
              Chelonaceae Martinov (1820)
              Digitalidaceae Martinov (1820)
              Ellisiophyllaceae Honda (1930)
              Gratiolaceae Martinov (1820)
              Limosellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Linariaceae Martinov (1820)
              Oxycladaceae (Miers) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
       9. Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
              Aeginetiaceae Livera (1927)
              Aragoaceae D. Don (1835)
              Buchneraceae (Benth.) Lilja (1870)
              Erinaceae Duvau ex Pfeiff. (1873)
              Euphrasiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl. (1821)
              Pedicularidaceae Juss. (1789)
              Phelypaeace˙ae Horan. (1834)
              Rhinanthaceae Vent. (1799)
              Sibthorpiaceae D. Don (1835)
       10. Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal (1993)
              Spielmanniaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
       11. Myoporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Bontiaceae Horan. (1834)
       12. Callitrichaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
              Stellariaceae MacMill., nom. illeg. (1892)
       13. Gesneriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
              Belloniaceae Martinov (1820)
              Besleriaceae Raf. (1838)
              Cyrtandraceae Jack (1823)
              Didymocarpaceae D. Don (1822)
              Ramondaceae Godr. (1850)
       14. Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Littorellaceae Gray (1821)
              Psylliaceae Horan. (1834)
       15. Pedaliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Sesamaceae R. Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       16. Martyniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1895)
       17. Trapellaceae Honda & Sakisaka (1930)
       18. Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Justiciaceae Raf. (1838)
              Mendonciaceae Bremek. (1954)
              Meyeniaceae Sreem. (1977)
              Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem. (1977)
              Thomandersiaceae Sreem. (1977)
              Thunbergiaceae (Dumort.) Lilja (1870)
       19. Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1808)
              Pinguiculaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Utriculariaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. (1813-1820)
       20. Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
              Durantaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Lantanaceae Martinov (1820)
              Petreaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       21. Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. (1847)
       22. Cyclocheilaceae Marais (1981)
              Nesogenaceae Marais (1981)
       23. Avicenniaceae Endl. (1841)
       24. Lamiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
              Aegiphilaceae Raf. (1838)
              Chloanthaceae Hutch. (1959)
              Glechomaceae Martinov (1820)
              Labiatae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
              Melittidaceae Martinov (1820)
              Menthaceae Burnett (1835)
              Nepetaceae Horan. (1834)
              Salazariaceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
              Salviaceae Raf. (1837)
              Scutellaraceae Caruel (1894)
              Siphonanthaceae Raf. (1838)
              Symphoremataceae (Meisn.) Mold. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
              Viticaceae Juss. (1789)
     2. Hydrostachyales Diels ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1898)
     3. Hippuridales Pulle ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Hippuridaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
7. Asteridae Takht. (1967)
    1. Campanulanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Menyanthales T. Yamaz. ex Takht. (1997)
       1. Menyanthaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     2. Goodeniales Lindl. (1833)
              Brunoniales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Goodeniaceae R. Br. (1810)
              Brunoniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
              Scaevolaceae Lindl. (1830)
     3. Stylidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Donatiaceae (Engl.) B. Chandler, nom. cons. (1911)
       2. Stylidiaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
              Candolleaceae F. Muell., nom. illeg. (1883)
     4. Campanulales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Pentaphragmataceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Sphenocleaceae Mart. ex DC., nom. cons. (1839)
              Pongatiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. illeg. (1839)
       3. Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cyananthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
              Cyphiaceae A. DC. (1839)
              Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogl. (1996)
              Dortmannaceae Rupr. (1856)
              Jasionaceae Dumort. (1829)
              Lobeliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
              Nemacladaceae Nutt. (1842)
    2. Asteranae Takht. (1967)
     1. Calycerales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Calyceraceae R. Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. (1820)
              Boopidaceae Cass. (1816)
     2. Asterales Lindl. (1833)
              Ambrosiales Dumort. (1829)
              Carduales Small (1903)
       1. Asteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
              Acarnaceae Link (1829)
              Ambrosiaceae Link, nom. cons. (1829)
              Anthemidaceae Martinov (1820)
              Aposeridaceae Raf. (1838)
              Arctotaceae Bessey (1914)
              Artemisiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Athanasiaceae Martinov (1820)
              Calendulaceae Link (1829)
              Carduaceae Dumort. (1822)
              Centaureaceae Martinov (1820)
              Cichoriaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
              Cnicaceae Vest (1818)
              Compositae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
              Coreopsidaceae Link (1829)
              Cynaraceae Durande (1782)
              Echinopaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
              Eupatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
              Gnaphaliaceae Link ex Rudolphi (1830)
              Heleniaceae Raf. (1824)
              Helianthaceae Dumort. (1822)
              Helichrysaceae Link (1829)
              Inulaceae Bessey (1914)
              Lactucaceae Drude (1879)
              Lampsanaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
              Matricariaceae Voigt (1845)
              Mutisiaceae Burnett (1835)
              Nassauviaceae Burmeist. (1837)
              Partheniaceae Link (1829)
              Perdiciaceae Link (1829)
              Picridaceae Martinov (1820)
              Santolinaceae Martinov (1820)
              Senecionaceae Spenn. (1834)
              Serratulaceae Martinov (1820)
              Tanacetaceae Vest (1818)
              Vernoniaceae Burmeist. (1837)
              Xanthiaceae Vest (1818