TAXONOMY
Rolf M. T. Dahlgren

Angiosperm Classification, 1975-1989


This is Rolf M. T. Dahlgren Angiosperm Classification from 1975. It counts 112 orders with 474 families.

More systems and the history behind.

Rolf M. T. Dahlgren
class Magnoliopsida
  subclass Magnoliidae
    superorder Magnolianae
      order Annonales
        family Annonaceae
        family Myristicaceae
        family Eupomatiaceae
        family Canellaceae
        fam Austrobaileyaceae
      order Aristolochiales
        family Aristolochiaceae
      order Rafflesiales
        family Rafflesiaceae
        family Hydnoraceae
      order Magnoliales
        family Degeneriaceae
        fam Himantandraceae
        family Magnoliaceae
      order Lactoridales
        family Lactoridaceae
      order Winterales
        family Winteraceae
      order Chloranthales
        family Chloranthaceae
      order Illiciales
        family Illiciaceae
        family Schisandraceae
      order Laurales
        family Amborellaceae
        family Trimeniaceae
        family Monimiaceae
        family Gomortegaceae
        family Calycanthaceae
        family Lauraceae
      order Nelumbonales
        family Nelumbonaceae
    superorder Nymphaeanae
      order Piperales
        family Saururaceae
        family Piperaceae
      order Nymphaeales
        family Cabombaceae
        family Nymphaeaceae
        fam Ceratophyllaceae
    superorder Ranunculanae
      order Ranunculales
        family Lardizabalaceae
        fam Sargentodoxaceae
        fam Menispermaceae
        family Kingdoniaceae
        fam Circaeasteraceae
        family Ranunculaceae
        family Hydrastidaceae
        family Berberidaceae
      order Papaverales
        family Papaveraceae
        family Fumariaceae
    superorder Caryophyllanae
      order Caryophyllales
        family Molluginaceae
        family Caryophyllaceae
        family Phytolaccaceae
        fam Achatocarpaceae
        family Agdestidaceae
        family Basellaceae
        family Portulacaceae
        f Stegnospermataceae
        family Nyctaginaceae
        family Aizoaceae
        family Halophytaceae
        family Cactaceae
        family Didiereaceae
        family Hectorellaceae
        family Chenopodiaceae
        family Amaranthaceae
    superorder Polygonanae
      order Polygonales
        family Polygonaceae
    superorder Plumbaginanae
      order Plumbaginales
        family Plumbaginaceae
        family Limoniaceae
    superorder Malvanae
      order Malvales
        family Sterculiaceae
        family Plagiopteraceae
        family Bixaceae
        fa Cochlospermaceae
        family Cistaceae
        family Sphaerosepalaceae
        family Sarcolaenaceae
        family Huaceae
        family Tiliaceae
        fam Dipterocarpaceae
        family Bombacaceae
        family Malvaceae
      order Urticales
        family Ulmaceae
        family Moraceae
        family Cecropiaceae
        family Barbeyaceae
        family Cannabaceae
        family Urticaceae
      order Euphorbiales
        family Euphorbiaceae
        fam Simmondsiaceae
        family Pandaceae
        family Aextoxicaceae
        family Dichapetalaceae
      order Thymelaeales
        family Gonystylaceae
        family Thymelaeaceae
      order Rhamnales
        family Rhamnaceae
    superorder Violanae
      order Violales
        family Flacourtiaceae
        f Berberidopsidaceae
        family Aphloiaceae
        family Physenaceae
        family Passifloraceae
        fam Dipentodontaceae
        family Peridiscaceae
        fam Scyphostegiaceae
        family Violaceae
        family Turneriaceae
        fam Malesherbiaceae
        family Caricaceae
      order Cucurbitales
        family Achariaceae
        family Cucurbitaceae
        family Begoniaceae
        family Datiscaceae
      order Salicales
        family Salicaceae
      order Tamaricales
        family Tamaricaceae
        family Frankeniaceae
      order Capparales
        family Capparaceae
        family Brassicaceae
        family Tovariaceae
        family Resedaceae
        fam Gyrostemonaceae
        family Bataceae
        family Moringaceae
      order Tropaeolales
        family Tropaeolaceae
        family Limnanthaceae
      order Salvadorales
        family Salvadoraceae
    superorder Theanae
      order Dilleniales
        family Dilleniaceae
      order Paeoniales
        family Glaucidiaceae
        family Paeoniaceae
      order Theales
        family Stachyuraceae
        fam Pentaphylacaceae
        family Marcgraviaceae
        family Quiinaceae
        fam Ancistrocladaceae
        fam Dioncophyllaceae
        family Nepenthaceae
        fam Medusagynaceae
        family Caryocaraceae
        fam Strasburgeriaceae
        family Ochnaceae
        fam Chrysobalanaceae
        family Oncothecaceae
        family Scytopetalaceae
        family Theaceae
        family Bonnetiaceae
        family Clusiaceae
        family Elatinaceae
      order Lecythidales
        family Lecythidaceae
    superorder Primulanae
      order Primulales
        family Myrsinaceae
        family Aegicerataceae
        fam Theophrastaceae
        family Primulaceae
        family Coridaceae
      order Ebenales
        family Sapotaceae
        family Styracaceae
        family Lissocarpaceae
        family Ebenaceae
    superorder Rosanae
      order Trochodendrales
        fam Trochodendraceae
        family Tetracentraceae
      order Cercidiphyllales
        fam Cercidiphyllaceae
        family Eupteleaceae
      order Hamamelidales
        fam Hamamelidaceae
        family Platanaceae
        fam Myrothamnaceae
      order Balanopales
        family Balanopaceae
      order Fagales
        family Nothofagaceae
        family Fagaceae
        family Corylaceae
        family Betulaceae
      order Juglandales
        family Rhoipteleaceae
        family Juglandaceae
      order Myricales
        family Myricaceae
      order Casuarinales
        family Casuarinaceae
      order Buxales)
        family Buxaceae
        family Daphniphyllaceae
        family Didymelaceae
      order Geissolomatales
        family Geissolomataceae
      order Cunoniales
        family Cunoniaceae
        family Baueraceae
        family Brunelliaceae
        family Davidsoniaceae
        family Eucryphiaceae
      order Saxifragales
        family Saxifragaceae
        family Francoaceae
        family Greyiaceae
        family Brexiaceae
        family Grossulariaceae
        family Iteaceae
        family Cephalotaceae
        family Crassulaceae
        family Podostemaceae
      order Droserales
        family Droseraceae
        family Lepuropetalaceae
        family Parnassiaceae
      order Rosales
        family Rosaceae
        family Neuradaceae
        family Malaceae
        family Amygdalaceae
        family Anisophylleaceae
        family Crossosomataceae
        family Surianaceae
        family Rhabdodendraceae
      order Gunnerales
        family Gunneraceae
    superorder Proteanae
      order Proteales
        family Proteaceae
      order Elaeagnales
        family Elaeagnaceae
    superorder Myrtanae
      order Myrtales
        family Psiloxylaceae
        family Heteropyxidaceae
        family Myrtaceae
        family Onagraceae
        family Trapaceae
        family Lythraceae
        family Combretaceae
        family Melastomataceae
        family Memecylaceae
        family Crypteroniaceae
        family Oliniaceae
        family Penaeaceae
        family Rhynchocalycaceae
        family Alzateaceae
      order Haloragales
        family Haloragaceae
    superorder Rutanae
      order Sapindales
        family Coriariaceae
        family Anacardiaceae
        family Leitneriaceae
        family Podoaceae
        family Sapindaceae
        family Hippocastanaceae
        family Aceraceae
        family Akaniaceae
        family Bretschneideraceae
        family Emblingiaceae
        family Staphyleaceae
        family Melianthaceae
        family Sabiaceae)
        family Meliosmaceae
        family Connaraceae
      order Fabales
        family Mimosaceae
        family Caesalpiniaceae
        family Fabaceae
      order Rutales
        family Rutaceae
        family Ptaeroxylaceae
        family Cneoraceae
        family Simaroubaceae
        family Tepuianthaceae
        family Burseraceae
        family Meliaceae
      order Polygalales
        family Malpighiaceae
        family Trigoniaceae
        family Vochysiaceae
        family Polygalaceae
        family Krameriaceae
      order Geraniales
        family Zygophyllaceae
        family Peganaceae
        family Nitrariaceae
        family Geraniaceae
        family Vivianiaceae
        family Ledocarpaceae
        family Biebersteiniaceae
        family Dirachmaceae
        family Balanitaceae
      order Linales
        family Linaceae
        family Humiriaceae
        family Ctenolophonaceae
        family Ixonanthaceae
        family Erythroxylaceae
        family Lepidobotryaceae
        family Oxalidaceae
      order Celastrales
        family Stackhousiaceae
        family Lophopyxidaceae
        family Cardiopteridaceae
        family Corynocarpaceae
        family Celastraceae
      order Rhizophorales
        family Rhizophoraceae
        family Elaeocarpaceae
      order Balsaminales
        family Balsaminaceae
    superorder Vitanae
      order Vitales
        family Vitaceae
    superorder Santalanae
      order Santalales
        family Olacaceae
        family Opiliaceae
        family Loranthaceae
        family Medusandraceae
        family Misodendraceae
        family Eremolepidaceae
        family Santalaceae
        family Viscaceae
    superorder Balanophoranae
      order Balanophorales
        family Cynomoriaceae
        family Balanophoraceae
    superorder Aralianae
      order Pittosporales
        family Pittosporaceae
        family Tremandraceae
        family Byblidaceae
      order Araliales
        family Araliaceae
        family Apiaceae
    superorder Asteranae
      order Campanulales
        family Pentaphragmataceae
        family Campanulaceae
        family Lobeliaceae
      order Asterales
        family Asteraceae
    superorder Solananae
      order Solanales
        family Solanaceae
        family Sclerophylacaceae
        family Goetzeaceae
        family Convolvulaceae
        family Cuscutaceae
        family Cobaeaceae
        family Polemoniaceae
      order Boraginales
        family Hydrophyllaceae
        family Ehretiaceae
        family Boraginaceae
        family Lennoaceae
        family Hoplestigmataceae
    superorder Ericanae
      order Bruniales
        family Bruniaceae
        family Grubbiaceae
      order Fouquieriales
        family Fouquieriaceae
      order Ericales
        family Actinidiaceae
        family Clethraceae
        family Cyrillaceae
        family Ericaceae
        family Empetraceae
        family Monotropaceae
        family Pyrolaceae
        family Epacridaceae
      order Stylidiales
        family Stylidiaceae
      order Sarraceniales
        family Sarraceniaceae
    superorder Cornanae
      order Cornales
        family Garryaceae
        family Alangiaceae
        family Nyssaceae
        family Cornaceae
        family Roridulaceae
        family Davidiaceae
        family Escalloniaceae
        family Helwingiaceae
        family Torricelliaceae
        family Aucubaceae
        family Aralidiaceae
        family Diapensiaceae
        family Phellinaceae
        family Aquifoliaceae
        family Paracryphiaceae
        family Sphenostemonaceae
        family Symplocaceae
        family Icacinaceae
        family Montiniaceae
        family Columelliaceae
        family Alseuosmiaceae
        family Hydrangeaceae
        family Sambucaceae
        family Viburnaceae
        family Menyanthaceae
        family Adoxaceae
        family Phyllonomaceae
        family Tribelaceae
        family Eremosynaceae
        family Pterostemonaceae
        family Tetracarpaeaceae
      order Eucommiales
        family Eucommiaceae
      order Dipsacales
        family Caprifoliaceae
        family Valerianaceae
        family Dipsacaceae
        family Morinaceae
        family Calyceraceae
    superorder Loasanae
      order Loasales
        family Loasaceae
    superorder Gentiananae
      order Goodeniales
        family Goodeniaceae
      order Oleales
        family Oleaceae
      order Gentianales
        family Desfontainiaceae
        family Loganiaceae
        family Dialypetalanthaceae
        family Rubiaceae
        family Theligonaceae
        family Gentianaceae
        family Saccifoliaceae
        family Apocynaceae
        family Asclepiadaceae
    superorder Lamianae
      order Lamiales
        family Retziaceae
        family Stilbaceae
        family Buddlejaceae
        family Scrophulariaceae
        family Myoporaceae
        family Globulariaceae
        family Plantaginaceae
        family Lentibulariaceae
        family Pedaliaceae
        family Trapellaceae
        family Martyniaceae
        family Gesneriaceae
        family Bignoniaceae
        family Acanthaceae
        family Verbenaceae
        family Lamiaceae
        family Callitrichaceae
      order Hydrostachyales
        family Hydrostachyaceae
      order Hippuridales
        family Hippuridaceae
  subclass           Liliidae
    superorder Alismatanae
      order Alismatales
        family Aponogetonaceae
        family Butomaceae
        family Hydrocharitaceae
        family Limnocharitaceae
        family Alismataceae
      order Najadales
        family Scheuchzeriaceae
        family Juncaginaceae
        family Najadaceae
        family Potamogetonaceae
        family Zosteraceae
        family Posidoniaceae
        family Cymodoceaceae
        family Zannichelliaceae
    superorder Triuridanae
      order Triuridales
        family Triuridaceae
    superorder Aranae
      order Arales
        family Araceae
        family Acoraceae
        family Lemnaceae
    superorder Lilianae
      order Dioscoreales
        family Trichopodaceae
        family Dioscoreaceae
        family Stemonaceae
        family Taccaceae
        family Trilliaceae
        family Rhipogonaceae
        family Petermanniaceae
        family Smilacaceae
      order Asparagales
        family Philesiaceae
        family Luzuriagaceae
        family Convallariaceae
        family Dracaenaceae
        family Asparagaceae
        family Ruscaceae
        family Herreriaceae
        family Nolinaceae
        family Asteliaceae
        family Dasypogonaceae
        family Calectasiaceae
        family Blandfordiaceae
        family Xanthorrhoeaceae
        family Agavaceae
        family Hypoxidaceae
        family Tecophilaeaceae
        family Lanariaceae
        family Ixioliriaceae
        family Cyanastraceae
        family Phormiaceae
        family Doryanthaceae
        family Eriospermaceae
        family Asphodelaceae
        family Anthericaceae
        family Aphyllanthaceae
        family Hemerocallidaceae
        family Hostaceae
        family Hyacinthaceae
        family Alliaceae
        family Amaryllidaceae
      order Liliales
        family Colchicaceae
        family Uvulariaceae
        family Iridaceae
        family Alstroemeriaceae
        family Calochortaceae
        family Liliaceae
      order Melanthiales
        family Melanthiaceae
        family Campynemataceae
      order Burmanniales
        family Burmanniaceae
        family Corsiaceae
      order Orchidales
        family Neuwiediaceae
        family Apostasiaceae
        family Cypripediaceae
        family Orchidaceae
    superorder Bromelianae
      order Velloziales
        family Velloziaceae
      order Bromeliales
        family Bromeliaceae
      order Haemodorales
        family Haemodoraceae
      order Philydrales
        family Philydraceae
      order Pontederiales
        family Pontederiaceae
      order Typhales
        family Typhaceae
    superorder Zingiberanae
      order Zingiberales
        family Lowiaceae
        family Musaceae
        family Heliconiaceae
        family Strelitziaceae
        family Zingiberaceae
        family Costaceae
        family Cannaceae
        family Marantaceae
    superorder Commelinanae
      order Commelinales
        family Mayacaceae
        family Commelinaceae
        family Xyridaceae
        family Rapateaceae
        family Eriocaulaceae
      order Hydatellales
        family Hydatellaceae
      order Cyperales
        family Juncaceae
        family Thurniaceae
        family Cyperaceae
      order Poales
        family Flagellariaceae
        family Joinvilleaceae
        family Restionaceae
        family Centrolepidaceae
        family Poaceae
    superorder Arecanae
      order Hanguanales
        family Hanguanaceae
      order Arecales
        family Arecaceae
    superorder Cyclanthanae
      order Cyclanthales
        family Cyclanthaceae
    superorder Pandananae
      order Pandanales
        family Pandanaceae

Reveal's modification:

Magnoliopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Aceropsida Endl. (1840)
               Aesculopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Aristolochiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Aropsida Bartl. (1830)
               Asaropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Asclepidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Asteropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Berberidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Bromeliopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cactopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Campanulopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Caprifoliopsida Endl. (1838)
               Caryophyllopsida Bartl. (1825)
               Celastropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cistopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Coffeopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Convolvulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Crassulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Crotonopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Cucurbitopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Daphnopsida Meisn. (1841)
               Diospyropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Ericopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Frangulopsida Endl. (1840)
               Geraniopsida Meisn. (1837)
               Hamamelidopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Hydrocharitopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Hydropeltidopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Juncopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Ligustropsida Bartl. ex Meisn. (1840)
               Liliopsida Scop. (1760)
               Liriopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Loniceropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Loranthopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Malpighiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Malvopsida R. Br. (1818)
               Myrsinopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Myrtopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Najadiopsida Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
               Nelumbonopsida Endl. (1839)
               Nymphaeopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Oeotheropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Opuntiopsida Endl. (1839)
               Orchidopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Pandanopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Papaveropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Passifloropsida Brongn. (1843)
               Phoenicopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Piperopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Plantaginopsida Meisn. (1841)
               Plumbaginopsida Endl. (1837)
               Polygalopsida Endl. (1840)
               Polygonopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Primulopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Proteopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Ranunculopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Rhamnopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Rosopsida Batsch (1788)
               Rubiopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Rutopsida A. Juss. ex Meisn. (1837)
               Salicopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Santalopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Saxifragopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Selaginopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Solanopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Styracopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Thymelaeopsida Endl. (1837)
               Urticopsida Bartl. (1830)
               Verbenopsida Brongn. (1843)
               Violopsida Brongn. (1843)


   1. Magnoliidae Novák ex Takht. (1967)
               Asteridae Takht. (1967)
               Caryophyllidae Takht. (1967)
               Cornidae Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal (1994)
               Dilleniidae Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt. (1993)
               Hamamelididae Takht. (1967)
               Lamiidae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Nelumbonidae Takht. (1997)
               Nymphaeidae J.W. Walker ex Takht. (1997)
               Piperidae Reveal (1994)
               Ranunculidae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Rosidae Takht. (1967)
    1. Magnolianae Takht. (1967)
               Lactoridanae Takht. (1997)
               Lauranae Takht. (1997)
               Nelumbonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Rafflesianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Annonales Lindl. (1833)
               Austrobaileyales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Canellales Cronquist (1957)
               Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Myristicales Thomé (1877)
       1. Annonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hornschuchiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Monodoraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Myristicaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
       3. Eupomatiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       4. Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. (1832)
               Winteranaceae Warb., nom. illeg. (1895)
       5. Austrobaileyaceae (Croizat) Croizat, nom. cons. (1943)
     2. Aristolochiales Dumort. (1829)
               Asarales Horan. (1847)
       1. Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Asaraceae Vent. (1799)
     3. Rafflesiales Oliv. (1895)
               Cytinales Dumort. (1829)
               Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Rafflesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Apodanthaceae (R. Br.) Tiegh. ex Takht. (1987)
               Cytinaceae (Brongn.) A. Rich. (1824)
               Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (1911)
       2. Hydnoraceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1821)
     4. Magnoliales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Degeneriaceae I.W. Bailey & A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1942)
       2. Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. (1917)
       3. Magnoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Liriodendraceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
     5. Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
     6. Winterales A.C. Sm. ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Takhtajaniaceae (J.-F. Leroy) J.-F. Leroy (1980)
     7. Chloranthales A.C. Sm. ex J.-F. Leroy (1983)
       1. Chloranthaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1821)
               Hedyosmaceae Caruel (1881)
     8. Illiciales Hu ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Illiciaceae (DC.) A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1947)
       2. Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons. (1830)
     9. Laurales Perleb (1826)
               Calycanthales Mart. (1835)
               Gyrocarpales Dumort. (1829)
               Monimiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1948)
       2. Trimeniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) Gibbs, nom. cons. (1917)
       3. Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1809)
               Atherospermataceae R. Br. (1814)
               Gyrocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1826)
               Hortoniaceae (Janet R. Perkins & Gilg) A.C. Sm. (1971)
               Illigeraceae Blume (1833)
               Siparunaceae (A. DC.) Schodde (1970)
       4. Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. (1896)
       5. Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1819)
               Buttneriaceae Barnh., nom. illeg. (1895)
               Chimonanthaceae Perleb (1838)
               Idiospermaceae S.T. Blake (1972)
       6. Lauraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cassythaceae Bartl. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
               Perseaceae Horan. (1834)
     10. Nelumbonales Nakai ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Nelumbonaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    2. Nymphaeanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
               Ceratophyllanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Piperanae Reveal (1994)
     1. Piperales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Saururaceae Rich. ex E. Meyer, nom. cons. (1827)
       2. Piperaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
               Peperomiaceae A.C. Sm. (1981)
     2. Nymphaeales Dumort. (1829)
               Ceratophyllales Bisch. (1839)
               Euryalales H.L. Li (1955)
               Hydropeltidales Spenn. (1834)
       1. Cabombaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1828)
               Hydropeltidaceae (DC.) Dumort. (1822)
       2. Nymphaeaceae Salisb., nom. cons. (1805)
               Barclayaceae (Endl.) H.L. Li (1955)
               Euryalaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Nupharaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       3. Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
    3. Ranunculanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Ranunculales Dumort. (1829)
               Berberidales Dumort. (1829)
               Circaeasterales Takh. (1997)
               Helleborales Nakai (1949)
               Hydrastidales Takht. (1997)
               Lardizabalales Loconte (1995)
               Menispermales Bromhead (1838)
               Podophyllales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Lardizabalaceae Decne., nom. cons. (1839)
               Decaisneaceae (Takht. ex Quin) Loconte (1995)
       2. Sargentodoxaceae Stapf ex Hutch. (1926)
       3. Menispermaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Pseliaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Kingdoniaceae A.S. Foster ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       5. Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       6. Ranunculaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Actaeaceae Raf. (1828)
               Anemonaceae Vest (1818)
               Aquilegiaceae Lilja (1870)
               Calthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cimicifugaceae (Arn.) Bromhead (1840)
               Clematidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Delphiniaceae Brenner (1886)
               Helleboraceae Vest (1818)
               Nigellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Thalictraceae Raf. (1815)
       7. Hydrastidaceae Martinov (1820)
       8. Berberidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Epimediaceae Menge (1839)
               Leonticaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Nandinaceae Horan. (1834)
               Podophyllaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
               Ranzaniaceae (Kumaz. & Terabayashi) Takht. (1994)
     2. Papaverales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Papaveraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chelidoniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eschscholziaceae Ser. (1847)
               Platystemonaceae (Rchb. ex Spach) Lilja (1870)
       2. Fumariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1821)
               Corydalaceae Vest (1818)
               Hypecoaceae (Dumort.) Willk. & Lange (1880)
               Pteridophyllaceae (Murb.) Nakai ex Reveal ˙& Hoogland (1991)
    4. Caryophyllanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Caryophyllales Perleb (1826)
               Amaranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Atriplicales Horan. (1847)
               Cactales Dumort. (1829)
               Chenopodiales Dumort. (1829)
               Opuntiales Willk. (1854)
               Scleranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Silenales Lindl. (1833)
               Stellariales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Molluginaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
               Adenogrammaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
               Corrigiolaceae (Dumort.) Dumort. (1829)
               Glinaceae Link (1831)
               Pharnaceaceae Martinov (1820)
               Polpodaceae (Fenzl) Nakai (1942)
               Telephiaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Caryophyllaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Alsinaceae (Lam. & DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1825)
               Cerastiaceae Vest (1818)
               Dianthaceae Vest (1818)
               Herniariaceae Durande (1782)
               Illecebraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Lychnidaceae (Fenzl ex Endl.) Lilja (1870)
               Ortegaceae Martinov (1820)
               Paronychiaceae Juss. (1815)
               Polycarpaeaceae (DC.) Schur (1866)
               Scleranthaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Silenaceae (DC.) Bartl. (1825)
               Spergulaceae Adans. (1763)
               Stellariaceae Dumort. (1822)
       3. Phytolaccaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Barbeuiaceae (H. Walter) T. Nakai (1942)
               Hilleriaceae Nakai (1942)
               Petiveriaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Riviniaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Sarcocaceae Raf. (1837)
               Seguieriaceae Nakai (1942)
       4. Achatocarpaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1934)
       5. Agdestidaceae (Heimerl) Nakai (1942)
       6. Basellaceae Moq., nom. cons. (1840)
               Anrederaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ullucaceae Nakai (1942)
       7. Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Montiaceae Raf. (1820)
       8. Stegnospermataceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1942)
       9. Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Allioniaceae Horan. (1834)
               Bougainvilleaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Jalapaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
               Mirabilidaceae W.R.B. Oliv. (1936)
               Pisoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       10. Aizoaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
               Galeniaceae Raf. (1819)
               Gisekiaceae (Endl.) Nakai (1942)
               Mesembryaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl, nom. cons. (1836)
               Sesuviaceae Horan. (1834)
               Tetragoniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. (1942)
       11. Halophytaceae A. Soriano (1984)
       12. Cactaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cereaceae DC. & Spreng. (transl. W. Jameson) (1821)
               Opuntiaceae Martinov (1820)
       13. Didiereaceae Drake, nom. cons. (1903)
       14. Hectorellaceae Philipson & Skipw. (1961)
       15. Chenopodiaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Atriplicaceae Durande (1782)
               Betaceae Burnett (1835)
               Blitaceae Adans. (1763)
               Corispermaceae Link (1831)
               Dysphaniaceae (Pax) Pax, nom. cons. (1927)
               Polycnemaceae Menge (1839)
               Salicorniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Salsolaceae Menge (1839)
               Sarcobataceae Behnke (1997)
               Spinaciaceae Menge (1839)
       16. Amaranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Achyranthaceae Raf. (1837)
               Celosiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Deeringiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Gomphrenaceae Raf. (1837)
    5. Polygonanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Polygonales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Calligonaceae Khalk. (1985)
               Eriogonaceae (Dumort.) G. Don (1839)
               Persicariaceae Adans. (1763)
               Rumicaceae Martinov (1820)
    6. Plumbaginanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Plumbaginales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Limoniaceae Ser. (1851)
               Aegialitidaceae Lincz. (1968)
               Armeriaceae Horan. (1834)
               Staticaceae Cassel (1817)
    7. Malvanae Takht. (1967)
               Barbeyanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Euphorbianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Rhamnanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Urticanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Malvales Dumort. (1829)
               Bixales Lindl. (1833)
               Cistales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Tiliales Caruel (1881)
       1. Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Byttneriaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Cacaoaceae Augier ex T. Post & Kuntze (1903)
               Chiranthodendraceae A. Gray (1887)
               Dombeyaceae Kunth ex Desf. (1829)
               Fremontiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Helicteraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hermanniaceae Durande (1782)
               Lasiopetalaceae Rchb. (1823)
               Melochiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Pentapetaceae Spreng. (1826)
               Theobromataceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Triplobaceae Raf. (1838)
       2. Plagiopteraceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       3. Bixaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       4. Cochlospermaceae Planch. (1847)
       5. Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Helianthemaceae G. Mey. (1836)
       6. Sphaerosepalaceae (Warb.) Tiegh. ex Bullock (1959)
               Rhopalocarpaceae Hemsl. ex Takht. (1987)
       7. Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. (1881)
               Rhodolaenaceae Bullock (1958)
               Schizolaenaceae Barnh. (1895)
       8. Huaceae A. Chev. (1947)
       9. Tiliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Sparmanniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       10. Dipterocarpaceae Blume (1825)
               Monotaceae (Gilg) Takht. (1987)
       11. Bombacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
       12. Malvaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Fugosiaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Hibiscaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Philippodendraceae Endl. (1841)
               Plagianthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     2. Urticales Dumort. (1829)
               Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal (1993)
               Ficales Dumort. (1829)
               Ulmales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Ulmaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
               Celtidaceae Link (1831)
       2. Moraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Artocarpaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Dorsteniaceae Chev. (1827)
               Ficaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort. (1829)
       3. Cecropiaceae C.C. Berg (1978)
       4. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. (1916)
       5. Cannabaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1837)
               Lupulaceae Link (1831)
       6. Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
     3. Euphorbiales Lindl. (1833)
               Pandales Engl. & Gilg (1913)
               Simmondsiales Reveal (1992)
       1. Euphorbiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Acalyphaceae Juss. ex Menge (1839)
               Androstachyaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Antidesmataceae Loud. (1830)
               Aporusaceae Lindl. ex Miq. (1859)
               Bertyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Bischofiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Crotonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hippomanaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Mercurialaceae Martinov (1820)
               Micrantheaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Paivaeusaceae A. Meeuse (1990)
               Peraceae Klotzsch (1859)
               Phyllanthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Picrodendraceae Small ex Britt. & Millsp., nom. cons. (1920)
               Porantheraceae (Pax) Hurus. (1954)
               Pseudanthaceae Endl. (1839)
               Putranjivaceae Endl. (1841)
               Ricinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ricinocarpaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Hurus. (1954)
               Scepaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Stilaginaceae C. Agardh (1824)
               Tithymalaceae Adans. (1763)
               Tragiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Trewiaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Uapacaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       2. Simmondsiaceae (Müll.-Arg.) Tiegh. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       3. Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1813)
       4. Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       5. Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. (1886)
               Chailletiaceae R. Br. (1818)
     4. Thymelaeales Willk. (1854)
               Daphnales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Gonystylaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Thymelaeaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aquilariaceae R. Br. ex DC. (1825)
               Daphnaceae Vent. (1799)
               Phaleriaceae Meisn. (1841)
               Bennettiaceae R. Br. ex Schnizl., nom. illeg. (1846-1866)
     5. Rhamnales Dumort. (1829)
               Frangulales Wirtg. (1860)
       1. Rhamnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Frangulaceae DC. (1805)
               Gouaniaceae Raf. (1837)
               Phylicaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ziziphaceae Adans. (1763)
    8. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Capparanae Reveal (1994)
               Cucurbitanae Reveal (1994)
               Gyrostemonanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Violales Perleb (1826)
               Caricales L.D. Benson (1957)
               Flacourtiales Heintze (1927)
               Homaliales Bromhead (1838)
               Passiflorales Dumort. (1829)
               Physenales Takht. (1997)
               Samydales Dumort. (1829)
               Turnerales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Bembiciaceae R.C. Keating & Takht. (1996)
               Blakwelliaceae T. Lestib., nom. illeg. (1826)
               Homaliaceae R. Br. (1818)
               Kiggelariaceae Link (1831)
               Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. (1826)
               Pangiaceae Endl. (1841)
               Prockiaceae Bertuch (1801)
               Samydaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1808)
       2. Berberidopsidaceae (Veldk.) Takht. (1985)
       3. Aphloiaceae Takht. (1985)
       4. Physenaceae Takht. (1985)
       5. Passifloraceae Juss. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1817)
               Modeccaceae Horan. (1847)
               Paropsiaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Smeathmanniaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
       6. Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. (1941)
       7. Peridiscaceae Kuhlm., nom. cons. (1950)
       8. Scyphostegiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       9. Violaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Alsodiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.J. Koch (1823)
               Leoniaceae A. DC. (1844)
       10. Turneriaceae Kunth ex DC., nom. cons. (1828)
               Piriquetaceae Martinov (1820)
       11. Malesherbiaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1827)
       12. Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Papayaceae Blume, nom. illeg. (1826)
     2. Cucurbitales Dumort. (1829)
               Begoniales Dumort. (1829)
               Datiscales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. (1897)
       2. Cucurbitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Bryoniaceae Adans. (1763)
               Cyclantheraceae Lilja (1870)
               Nhandirobaceae T. Lestib. (1826)
               Zanoniaceae Dumort. (1829)
       3. Begoniaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1824)
       4. Datiscaceae R. Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Tetramelaceae (Warb.) Airy Shaw (1964)
     3. Salicales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
     4. Tamaricales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
               Reaurmuriaceae Ehrenb. ex Lindl. (1830)
       2. Frankeniaceae A. St.-Hil. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     5. Capparales Hutch. (1924)
               Batales Engl. (1907)
               Brassicales Bromhead (1838)
               Gyrostemonales Takht. (1997)
               Moringales Nakai (1943)
               Resedales Dumort. (1829)
               Tovariales Nakai (1943)
       1. Capparaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cleomaceae Horan. (1834)
               Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1895)
               Oxystylidaceae Hutch. (1969)
               Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel (1928)
       2. Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (1835)
               Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Drabaceae Martinov (1820)
               Erysimaceae Martinov (1820)
               Raphanaceae Horan. (1847)
               Schizopetalaceae A. Juss. (1848)
               Sismbriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Stanleyaceae Nutt. (1834)
               Thlaspiaceae Adans. (1763)
       3. Tovariaceae Pax, nom. cons. (1891)
       4. Resedaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Astrocarpaceae A. Kern. (1891)
       5. Gyrostemonaceae Endl. (1841)
       6. Bataceae Mart. ex Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
       7. Moringaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hyperantheraceae Link (1829)
     6. Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Limnanthales Nakai (1930)
       1. Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Cardamindaceae Link, nom. illeg. (1831)
       2. Limnanthaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1833)
     7. Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Azimaceae Wight & Gardner (1845)
    9. Theanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
               Dillenianae Takht. (1967)
               Lecythidanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Nepenthanae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Dilleniales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Dilleniaceae Salisb. (1807)
               Hibbertiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Soramiaceae Martinov (1820)
     2. Paeoniales Heintze (1927)
               Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Glaucidiaceae Tamura (1972)
       2. Paeoniaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
     3. Theales Lindl. (1833)
               Ancistrocladales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Chrysobalanales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Dioncophyllales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Elatinales Nakai (1949)
               Hypericales Dumort. (1829)
               Medusagynales Takht., nom. invalid. (1997)
               Nepenthales Dumort. (1829)
               Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Stachyuraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       3. Marcgraviaceae Choisy (1824)
       4. Quiinaceae Choisy ex Engl., nom. cons. (1888)
       5. Ancistrocladaceae Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. (1851)
       6. Dioncophyllaceae (Gilg) Airy Shaw, nom. cons. (1952)
       7. Nepenthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       8. Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       9. Caryocaraceae Szyszyl., nom. cons. (1893)
               Rhizobolaceae DC., nom. illeg. (1824)
       10. Strasburgeriaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       11. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
               Diegodendraceae Capuron (1964)
               Gomphiaceae DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Lophiraceae Loud. (1830)
               Luxemburgiaceae Soler. (1908)
               Sauvagesiaceae (Ging. ex DC.) Dumort. (1829)
       12. Chrysobalanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Hirtellaceae Horan. (1847)
               Licaniaceae Martinov (1820)
       13. Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       14. Scytopetalaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
               Rhaptopetalaceae Tiegh. ex Soler. (1908)
       15. Theaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
               Asteropeiaceae (Szyszyl.) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
               Camelliaceae DC. (1816)
               Gordoniaceae (DC.) Spreng. (1826)
               Malachodendraceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Pellicieraceae (Triana & Planch.) L. Beauvis. ex Bullock (1959)
               Sladeniaceae (Gilg & Werderm.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC. (1816)
               Tetrameristaceae Hutch. (1959)
       16. Bonnetiaceae (Bartl.) L. Beauv. ex Nakai (1948)
       17. Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Ascyraceae Plenck (1796)
               Calophyllaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cambogiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Garciniaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Hypericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       18. Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Alsinastraceae Rupr., nom. illeg. (1860)
               Cryptaceae Raf. (1820)
     4. Lecythidales Cronquist (1957)
       1. Lecythidaceae Poit., nom. cons. (1825)
               Asteranthaceae R. Knuth, nom. cons. (1939)
               Barringtoniaceae (DC. ex Schltdl.) Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
               Belvisiaceae R. Br., nom. illeg. (1821)
               Foetidiaceae (Nied.) Airy Shaw (1964)
               Gustaviaceae Burnett (1835)
               Napoleonaeaceae A. Rich. (1827)
    10. Primulanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Primulales Dumort. (1829)
               Myrsinales Bromhead (1838)
               Samolales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Myrsinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Ardisiaceae Juss. (1810)
               Embeliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Aegicerataceae Blume (1833)
       3. Theophrastaceae Link (1829)
       4. Primulaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Anagallidaceae Adans. (1763)
               Lysimachiaceae Durande (1782)
               Samolaceae Raf. (1820)
       5. Coridaceae J. Agardh (1858)
     2. Ebenales Engl. (1892)
               Diospyrales Prantl (1874)
               Sapotales Hook.f. (1868)
               Styracales Bisch. (1839)
       1. Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Achradaceae Vest (1818)
               Boerlagellaceae H.J. Lam (1925)
               Bumeliaceae Barnh. (1895)
               Sarcospermataceae H.J. Lam (1925)
       2. Styracaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Halesiaceae D. Don (1828)
       3. Lissocarpaceae Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       4. Ebenaceae Gürcke, nom. cons. (1891)
               Diospyraceae Durande (1782)
               Guaiacanaceae Juss. (1789)
    11. Rosanae Takht. (1967)
               Buxanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Casuarinanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Daphniphyllanae Takht. (1997)
               Faganae Takht. (1997)
               Hamamelidanae Takht. (1967)
               Juglandanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Myrothamnanae Takht. (1997)
               Podostemanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Saxifraganae Reveal (1994)
               Trochodendranae Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Trochodendraceae Prantl, nom. cons. (1888)
       2. Tetracentraceae A.C. Sm., nom. cons. (1945)
     2. Cercidiphyllales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
               Eupteleales Hu ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
       2. Eupteleaceae K. Wilh., nom. cons. (1910)
     3. Hamamelidales Griseb. (1854)
               Myrothamnales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
               Platanales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
       1. Hamamelidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Altingiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
               Bucklandiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Disanthaceae Nakai (1943)
               Fothergillaceae Nutt. (1818)
               Parrotiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Rhodoleiaceae Nakai (1943)
       2. Platanaceae T. Lestib. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. (1891)
     4. Balanopales Engl. (1897)
       1. Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
     5. Fagales Engl. (1892)
               Betulales Bromhead (1838)
               Corylales Dumort. (1829)
               Quercales Burnett (1835)
       1. Nothofagaceae Kuprian. (1962)
       2. Fagaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Castaneaceae Adans. (1763)
               Quercaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       3. Corylaceae Mirb., nom. cons. (1815)
               Carpinaceae Vest (1818)
       4. Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     6. Juglandales Dumort. (1829)
               Rhoipteleales Novák ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Rhoipteleaceae Hand.-Mazz., nom. cons. (1932)
       2. Juglandaceae A. Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
     7. Myricales Engl. (1897)
       1. Myricaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1829)
     8. Casuarinales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Casuarinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
     9. Buxales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Daphniphyllales Pulle ex Cronquist (1981)
               Didymelales Takht. (1967)
       1. Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Pachysandraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Stylocerataceae (Pax) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       2. Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg., nom. cons. (1869)
       3. Didymelaceae Leandri (1937)
     10. Geissolomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Geissolomataceae Endl. (1841)
     11. Cunoniales Hutch. (1924)
       1. Cunoniaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Belangeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Callicomaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Baueraceae Lindl. (1830)
       3. Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       4. Davidsoniaceae Bange (1952)
       5. Eucryphiaceae Endl. (1841)
     12. Saxifragales Dumort. (1829)
               Brexiales Lindl. (1833)
               Cephalotales Nakai (1943)
               Crassulales Lindl. (1833)
               Francoales Takht. (1997)
               Greyiales Takht. (1997)
               Grossulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Marathrales Dumort. (1829)
               Podostemales Lindl. (1833)
               Sedales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Pectiantiaceae Raf. (1837)
               Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britt., nom. cons. (1901)
               Vahliaceae Dandy (1959)
       2. Francoaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1832)
       3. Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
       4. Brexiaceae Loud. (1830)
               Ixerbaceae Griseb. (1854)
               Rousseaceae DC. (1839)
       5. Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Ribesiaceae Marq. (1820)
       6. Iteaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
       7. Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       8. Crassulaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Cotyledonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Rhodiolaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sedaceae Adans. (1763)
               Sempervivaceae Durande (1782)
               Tillaeaceae Martinov (1820)
       9. Podostemaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1822)
               Marathraceae Dumort. (1829)
               Philocrenaceae Bongard (1834)
               Tristichaceae Willis (1915)
     13. Droserales Griseb. (1854)
               Parnassiales Nakai (1943)
       1. Droseraceae Salisb. (1808)
               Aldrovandaceae Nakai (1949)
               Dionaeaceae Raf. (1837)
               Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1989)
       2. Lepuropetalaceae (Engl.) Nakai (1943)
       3. Parnassiaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
     14. Rosales Perleb (1826)
               Anisophylleales Takht. (1997)
               Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Sanguisorbales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Agrimoniaceae Gray (1821)
               Alchemillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cercocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Coleogynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Dryadaceae Gray (1821)
               Fragariaceae Nestl. (1816)
               Lindleyaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Neilliaceae Miq. (1855)
               Potentillaceae (Juss.) Wilbr. (1824)
               Poteriaceae Raf. (1815)
               Quillajaceae D. Don (1831)
               Rhodotypaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Sanguisorbaceae Durande (1782)
               Spiraeaceae Bertuch (1801)
               Tormentillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ulmariaceae Gray (1821)
       2. Neuradaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Grielaceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Malaceae Small ex Britt., nom. cons. (1903)
               Cydoniaceae Schnizl. (1858)
               Pyraceae Vest (1818)
               Sorbaceae Brenner (1886)
       4. Amygdalaceae (Juss.) D. Don, nom. cons. (1825)
               Mespilaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Prunaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       5. Anisophylleaceae Ridl. (1922)
               Polygonanthaceae Croizat (1943)
       6. Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       7. Surianaceae Arn. (1834)
               Stylobasiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       8. Rhabdodendraceae (Huber) Prance (1968)
     15. Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. (1842)
    12. Proteanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Proteales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Proteaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Lepidocarpaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
     2. Elaeagnales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Hippophaeaceae G. Mey. (1836)
    13. Myrtanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Myrtales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Combretales Baskerville (1839)
               Lythrales Caruel (1881)
               Melastomatales Oliv. (1895)
               Oenotherales Bromhead (1838)
               Onagrales Rchb.f. (1828)
               Penaeales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Psiloxylaceae Croizat (1960)
       2. Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1920)
       3. Myrtaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chamelauciaceae (DC.) Rudolphi (1830)
               Kaniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Leptospermaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Rudolphi (1830)
               Melaleucaceae Vest (1818)
               Myrrhiniaceae Arn. (1839)
       4. Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Circaeaceae Ruthe (1827)
               Epilobiaceae Vent. (1799)
               Fuchsiaceae (DC.) Lilja (1870)
               Isnardiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Jussiaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Lopeziaceae (Spach) Lilja (1870)
               Oenotheraceae C.C. Robin (1807)
       5. Trapaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Lythraceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Ammanniaceae Horan. (1834)
               Blattiaceae Nied. (1892)
               Duabangaceae Takht. (1986)
               Lagerstroemiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lawsoniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Punicaceae Horan., nom. cons. (1834)
               Salicariaceae Adans., nom. illeg. (1763)
               Sonneratiaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       7. Combretaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Bucidaceae Spreng. (1825)
               Myrobalanaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sheadendraceae Bertol. (1850)
               Terminaliaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
       8. Melastomataceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Blakeaceae Rchb. ex Barnh. (1895)
               Miconiaceae K. Koch (1857)
               Rhexiaceae Dumort. (1822)
       9. Memecylaceae DC. ex Schltdl. (1827)
               Mouririaceae Gardner (1840)
       10. Crypteroniaceae A. DC., nom. cons. (1868)
               Henslowiaceae Lindl. (1835)
       11. Oliniaceae Harv. & Sond., nom. cons. (1862)
       12. Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. (1828)
       13. Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S. Johnson & B.G. Briggs (1985)
       14. Alzateaceae S.A. Graham (1985)
     2. Haloragales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Haloragaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cercodiaceae Juss. (1817)
               Myriophyllaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
    14. Rutanae Takht. (1967)
               Celastranae Takht. (1967)
               Corynocarpanae Takht. (1997)
               Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1993)
               Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
               Rhizophoranae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Sapindales Dumort. (1829)
               Acerales Lindl. (1833)
               Aesculales Bromhead (1838)
               Connarales Takht. ex Reveal (1996)
               Coriariales Lindl. (1833)
               Julianiales Engl. (1907)
               Leitneriales Engl. (1897)
               Sabiales Takht. (1997)
       1. Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
       2. Anacardiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Blepharocaryaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Cassuviaceae Juss. ex R. Br., nom. illeg. (1818)
               Comocladiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Julianiaceae Hemsl., nom. cons. (1906)
               Pistaciaceae Adans. (1763)
               Rhoaceae Spreng. ex Sadler (1826)
               Schinaceae Raf. (1837)
               Spondiadaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sumachiaceae (DC.) Perleb, nom. illeg. (1838)
               Terebinthaceae Durande, nom. illeg. (1782)
               Vernicaceae Link (1831)
       3. Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f. (1880)
       4. Podoaceae Baill. ex Franch. (1889)
       5. Sapindaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Allophylaceae Martinov (1820)
               Dodonaeaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Koelreuteriaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Ornithropaceae Martinov (1820)
               Paulliniaceae Durande (1782)
       6. Hippocastanaceae DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aesculaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Paviaceae Horan. (1834)
       7. Aceraceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1912)
       9. Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       10. Emblingiaceae (Pax) Airy Shaw (1964)
       11. Staphyleaceae (DC.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1829)
               Ochranthaceae Endl. (1841)
               Tapisciaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
       12. Melianthaceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
       13. Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1851)
       14. Meliosmaceae Endl. (1841)
               Millingtoniaceae Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. (1834)
               Wellingtoniaceae Meisn. (1840)
       15. Connaraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Cnestiaceae (Raf.) Raf. (1830)
     2. Fabales Bromhead (1838)
               Cassiales Horan. (1847)
       1. Mimosaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       2. Caesalpiniaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Bauhiniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cassiaceae Vest (1818)
               Ceratoniaceae Link (1831)
               Detariaceae (DC.) J. Hess (1832)
               Swartzieae (DC.) Bartl. (1830)
       3. Fabaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Aspalathaceae Martinov (1820)
               Astragalaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ciceraceae Steele (1847)
               Coronillaceae Martinov (1820)
               Galedupaceae Martinov (1820)
               Hedysaraceae Oken (1826)
               Inocarpaceae Zoll. (1854-1855)
               Lathyraceae Burnett (1835)
               Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Lotaceae Oken (1826)
               Papilionaceae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
               Phaseolaceae Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Robiniaceae Vest (1818)
               Tamarindaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Viciaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     3. Rutales Perleb (1826)
               Burserales Baskerville (1839)
               Citrales Dumort. (1829)
               Meliales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Rutaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Amyridaceae Kunth (1824)
               Aurantiaceae Durande (1782)
               Boroniaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Citraceae Roussel (1806)
               Cuspariaceae (DC.) Tratt., nom. illeg. (1825)
               Dictamnaceae Vest (1818)
               Diosmaceae R. Br. ex Bartl. (1830)
               Diplolaenaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Flindersiaceae (Engl.) C.T. White ex Airy Shaw (1964)
               Fraxinellaceae Nees & Mart. (1823)
               Jamboliferaceae Martinov (1820)
               Monieraceae Raf., nom. illeg. (1838)
               Pilocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Pteleaceae Kunth (1824)
               Spatheliaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Zanthoxylaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       2. Ptaeroxylaceae J.-F. Leroy (1960)
       3. Cneoraceae Link, nom. cons. (1831)
               Chamaeleaceae Bertol., nom. illeg. (1834)
       4. Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. (1811)
               Ailanthaceae (Arn.) J. Agardh (1858)
               Castelaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Irvingiaceae (Engl.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
               Kirkiaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1967)
               Picramniaceae (Engler) Fernando & Quinn (1995)
               Quassiaceae Bertol. (1827)
               Simabaceae Horan. (1847)
               Soulameaceae Endl. (1841)
       5. Tepuianthaceae Maguire & Steyerm. (1981)
       6. Burseraceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1824)
               Balsameaceae Dumort. (1829)
       7. Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aitoniaceae (Harv.) R.A. Dyer, nom. inadmiss. (1975)
               Cedrelaceae R. Br. (1814)
               Swieteniaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
     4. Polygalales Dumort. (1829)
               Malpighiales Mart. (1835)
               Vochysiales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Trigoniaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       3. Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1820)
               Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti (1989)
       4. Polygalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Diclidantheraceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Moutabeaceae Endl. (1841)
               Xanthophyllaceae (Chodat) Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1990)
       5. Krameriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
     5. Geraniales Dumort. (1829)
               Biebersteiniales Takht. (1997)
               Zygophyllales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Tetradiclidaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1986)
               Tribulaceae Trautv. (1853)
       2. Peganaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
       3. Nitrariaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       4. Geraniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Erodiaceae Horan. (1847)
       5. Vivianiaceae Klotzsch (1836)
               Rhynchothecaceae Endl. (1841)
       6. Ledocarpaceae Meyen (1834)
       7. Biebersteiniaceae Endl. (1841)
       8. Dirachmaceae Hutch. (1959)
       9. Balanitaceae Endl. (1841)
     6. Linales Baskerville (1839)
               Oxalidales Heintze (1927)
       1. Linaceae DC. ex Gray (1821)
               Hugoniaceae Arn. (1834)
       2. Humiriaceae A. Juss., nom. cons. (1829)
       3. Ctenolophonaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       4. Ixonanthaceae (Benth.) Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. (1951)
       5. Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1822)
               Nectaropetalaceae (H. Winkl.) Exell & Mendonça (1951)
       6. Lepidobotryaceae J. Léonard, nom. cons. (1950)
       7. Oxalidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1818)
               Averrhoaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Hypseocharitaceae Wedd. (1861)
               Oxydacae Rupr., nom. inadmiss. (1860)
     7. Celastrales Baskerville (1839)
               Cardiopteridales Tahkt. (1997)
               Corynocarpales Takht. (1997)
       1. Stackhousiaceae R. Br. (1814)
       2. Lophopyxidaceae (Engl.) H. Pfeif. (1951)
       3. Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1847)
               Peripterygiaceae F.N. Williams (1905)
       4. Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1897)
       5. Celastraceae R. Br. (1814)
               Canotiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
               Chingithamnaceae Hand.-Mazz. (1932)
               Euonymaceae Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Goupiaceae Miers (1862)
               Hippocrateaceae Juss. (1811)
               Pottingeriaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Salaciaceae Raf. (1838)
               Siphonodontaceae (Croizat) Gagnep.&Tardieu exTard,no.co. (1951)
     8. Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
               Elaeocarpales Takht. (1997)
       1. Rhizophoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
               Cassipoureaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Legnotidaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
               Macarisiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Mangiaceae Raf. (1837)
       2. Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aristoteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
     9. Balsaminales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Balsaminaceae A. Rich., nom. cons. (1822)
               Hydroceraceae Blume, nom. inadmiss. (1825)
               Impatientaceae Barnh. (1895)
    15. Vitanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Vitales Reveal (1996)
       1. Vitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Ampelopsidaceae Kostel. (1835)
               Cissaceae Drejer (1840)
               Leeaceae (DC.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Pterisanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
    16. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Santalales Dumort. (1829)
               Anthobolales Dumort. (1829)
               Loranthales Dumort. (1829)
               Medusandrales Brenan (1952)
               Olacales Benth. (1862)
       1. Olacaceae Mirb. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Aptandraceae Miers (1853)
               Erythropalaceae (Hassk.) Sleumer, nom. cons. (1942)
               Octoknemaceae Tiegh. ex Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
               Schoepfiaceae Blume (1850)
               Tetrastylidiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Ximeniaceae Martinet (1873)
       2. Opiliaceae (Benth.) Valeton, nom. cons. (1886)
               Cansjeraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       3. Loranthaceae Juss. (1808)
               Dendrophthoaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Elytranthaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Gaiadendraceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Nuytsiaceae Tiegh. (1896)
               Psittacanthaceae Nakai (1952)
       4. Medusandraceae Brenan, nom. cons. (1952)
       5. Misodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
       6. Eremolepidaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
       7. Santalaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Anthobolaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Canopodaceae C. Presl (1851)
               Exocarpaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Osyridaceae Raf. (1820)
               Thesiaceae Vest (1818)
       8. Viscaceae Batsch (1802)
               Arceuthobiaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Bifariaceae Nakai (1952)
               Ginalloaceae Tiegh. ex Nakai (1952)
               Lepidocerataceae Nakai (1952)
               Phoradendraceae H. Karsten (1860)
    17. Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Balanophorales Dumort. (1829)
               Cynomoriales Burnett (1835)
       1. Cynomoriaceae (Schott & Endl.) Lindl., nom. cons. (1833)
       2. Balanophoraceae Rich. (1822)
               Dactylanthaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Heloseaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
               Langsdorffiaceae Tiegh. ex Pilger (1914)
               Lophophytaceae (Schott & Endl.) Bromhead (1840)
               Mystropetalaceae Hook.f. (1853)
               Sarcophytaceae A. Kern. (1891)
               Scybaliaceae A. Kern. (1891)
    18. Aralianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Pittosporales Lindl. (1833)
               Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Pittosporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       2. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1824)
               Tetrathecaceae R. Br. (1814)
       3. Byblidaceae (Engl. & Gilg) Domin, nom. cons. (1922)
     2. Araliales Reveal (1996)
               Ammiales Small (1903)
               Apiales Nakai (1930)
       1. Araliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Botryodendraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Hederaceae Giseke (1792)
       2. Apiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Ammiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl ex Barnh. (1895)
               Angelicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Bupleuraceae Martinov (1820)
               Coriandraceae Burnett (1835)
               Daucaceae Martinov (1820)
               Eryngiaceae Raf. (1838)
               Hydrocotylaceae (Link) N. Hyl., nom. cons. (1945)
               Imperatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Pastinacaceae Martinov (1820)
               Saniculaceae (Burnett) A. Löve & D. Löve (1974)
               Smyrniaceae Burnett (1835)
               Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
    19. Asteranae Takht. (1967)
               Campanulanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Campanulales Rchb.f. (1828)
       1. Pentaphragmataceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Campanulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cyananthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Cyphiaceae A. DC. (1839)
               Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogl. (1996)
               Jasionaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Nemacladaceae Nutt. (1842)
               Pongatiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. illeg. (1839)
               Sphenocleaceae Mart. ex DC., nom. cons. (1839)
       3. Lobeliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
               Dortmannaceae Rupr. (1856)
     2. Asterales Lindl. (1833)
               Ambrosiales Dumort. (1829)
               Carduales Small (1903)
       1. Asteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Acarnaceae Link (1829)
               Ambrosiaceae Link, nom. cons. (1829)
               Anthemidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Aposeridaceae Raf. (1838)
               Arctotaceae Bessey (1914)
               Artemisiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Athanasiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Calendulaceae Link (1829)
               Carduaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Centaureaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cichoriaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cnicaceae Vest (1818)
               Compositae Giseke, nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1792)
               Coreopsidaceae Link (1829)
               Cynaraceae Durande (1782)
               Echinopaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Eupatoriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Gnaphaliaceae Link ex Rudolphi (1830)
               Heleniaceae Raf. (1824)
               Helianthaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Helichrysaceae Link (1829)
               Inulaceae Bessey (1914)
               Lactucaceae Drude (1879)
               Lampsanaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Matricariaceae Voigt (1845)
               Mutisiaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nassauviaceae Burmeist. (1837)
               Partheniaceae Link (1829)
               Perdiciaceae Link (1829)
               Picridaceae Martinov (1820)
               Santolinaceae Martinov (1820)
               Senecionaceae Spenn. (1834)
               Serratulaceae Martinov (1820)
               Tanacetaceae Vest (1818)
               Vernoniaceae Burmeist. (1837)
               Xanthiaceae Vest (1818)
    20. Solananae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Solanales Dumort. (1829)
               Convolvulales Dumort. (1829)
               Nolanales Lindl. (1835)
               Polemoniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Solanaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Atropaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cestraceae Schltdl. (1833)
               Daturaceae Raf. (1828)
               Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm. (1950)
               Hyoscyamaceae Vest (1818)
               Lyciaceae Raf. (1840)
               Nicotianaceae Martinov (1820)
               Nolanaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Salpiglossidaceae (Benth.) Hutch. (1969)
       2. Sclerophylacaceae Miers (1848)
       3. Goetzeaceae Miers ex Airy Shaw (1964)
       4. Convolvulaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cressaceae Raf. (1821)
               Dichondraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Erycibaceae Endl. ex Meisn. (1840)
               Humbertiaceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1947)
               Poranaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       5. Cuscutaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Cobaeaceae D. Don (1824)
       7. Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
     2. Boraginales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Hydrophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1817)
               Ellisiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Eutocaceae Horan. (1847)
               Hydroleaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Sagoneaceae Martinov (1820)
       2. Ehretiaceae Mart. ex Lindl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Cordiaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Sebestenaceae Vent. (1799)
       3. Boraginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Anchusaceae Vest (1818)
               Buglossaceae Hoffmanns. & Link (1809)
               Cerinthaceae Martinov (1820)
               Echiaceae Raf. (1837)
               Heliotropiaceae Schrad. (1819)
               Onosmaceae Martinov (1820)
               Wellstediaceae (Pilg.) Novák (1943)
       4. Lennoaceae Solms, nom. cons. (1870)
       5. Hoplestigmataceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
    21. Ericanae Takht. (1967)
               Sarracenianae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Bruniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bruniaceae R. Br. ex DC., nom. cons. (1825)
       2. Grubbiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1839)
               Berzeliaceae Nakai (1943)
               Ophiraceae Arn. (1841)
     2. Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Fouquieriaceae DC. (1828)
     3. Ericales Dumort. (1829)
               Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
               Empetrales Raf. (1838)
               Rhodorales Horan. (1847)
               Vacciniales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Actinidiaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1926)
               Saurauiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
       2. Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. (1851)
       3. Cyrillaceae Endl. (1841)
       4. Ericaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Andromedaceae (Endl.)DC. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Arbutaceae (Meisn.) Bromhead (1840)
               Arctostaphylaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Azaleaceae Vest (1818)
               Diplarchaceae Klotzsch (1860)
               Kalmiaceae Durande (1782)
               Ledaceae Link (1821)
               Menziesiaceae Klotzsch (1851)
               Rhododendraceae Juss. (1789)
               Rhodoraceae Vent. (1799)
               Salaxidaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Siphonandraceae Klotzsch, nom. illeg. (1851)
               Vacciniaceae DC. ex Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       5. Empetraceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
       6. Monotropaceae Nutt., nom. cons. (1818)
               Hypopityaceae Link (1831)
       7. Pyrolaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       8. Epacridaceae R. Br. (1810)
               Prionotaceae Hutch. (1969)
               Stypheliaceae Horan. (1834)
     4. Stylidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Stylidiaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Candolleaceae F. Muell., nom. illeg. (1883)
               Donatiaceae (Engl.) B. Chandler, nom. cons. (1911)
     5. Sarraceniales Bromhead (1838)
       1. Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Heliamphoraceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka (1992)
    22. Cornanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
               Dipsacanae Takht. (1997)
               Eucommianae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Cornales Dumort. (1829)
               Adoxales Nakai (1949)
               Aquifoliales Senft (1856)
               Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Aucubales Takht. (1997)
               Garryales Lindl. (1846)
               Griseliniales Takht. (1997)
               Helwingiales Takht. (1997)
               Hortensiales Griseb. (1854)
               Hydrangeales Nakai (1943)
               Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal (1993)
               Metteniusales Takht. (1997)
               Roridulales Nakai (1943)
               Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Viburnales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1834)
       2. Alangiaceae DC., nom. cons. (1828)
               Metteniusaceae H. Karst. ex Schnizl. (1843-1870)
       3. Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. co˙ns. (1829)
       4. Cornaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Corokiaceae Kapil ex Takht. (1997)
               Curtisiaceae (Harms) Takht. (1987)
               Griseliniaceae J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. ex A. Cunn. (1839)
               Kaliphoraceae Takht. (1996)
               Mastixiaceae Calest. (1905)
               Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw (1972)
       5. Roridulaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. (1924)
       6. Davidiaceae (Harms) H.L. Li (1955)
       7. Escalloniaceae R. Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Abrophyllaceae Nakai (1943)
               Argophyllaceae (Engl.) Takht. (1987)
               Carpodetaceae Fenzl (1841)
               Polyosmaceae Blume (1851)
       8. Helwingiaceae Decne. (1836)
       9. Torricelliaceae (Wang.) Hu (1934)
       10. Aucubaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       11. Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C. Stone (1980)
       12. Diapensiaceae (Link) Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Galacaceae D. Don (1828)
       13. Phellinaceae (Loes.) Takht. (1967)
       14. Aquifoliaceae Bartl., nom. cons. (1830)
               Ilicaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       15. Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       16. Sphenostemonaceae P. Royen & Airy Shaw (1972)
       17. Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. (1820)
       18. Icacinaceae (Benth.) Miers, nom. cons. (1851)
               Pennantiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Phytocrenaceae Arn. ex R. Br. (1852)
       19. Montiniaceae Nakai (1943)
       20. Columelliaceae D. Don, nom. cons. (1828)
       21. Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
       22. Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hortensiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
               Kirengeshomaceae Nakai (1943)
               Philadelphaceae Martinov (1820)
       23. Sambucaceae Batsch (1786)
       24. Viburnaceae Raf. (1820)
               Tinaceae Martinov (1820)
       25. Menyanthaceae (Dumort.) Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       26. Adoxaceae Trautv., nom. cons. (1853)
       27. Phyllonomaceae Small (1905)
               Dulongiaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
       28. Tribelaceae (Engl.) Airy Shaw (1964)
       29. Eremosynaceae Dandy (1959)
       30. Pterostemonaceae Small, nom. cons. (1905)
       31. Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai (1943)
     2. Eucommiales Nemejc ex Cronquist (1981)
       1. Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1909)
     3. Dipsacales Dumort. (1829)
               Caprifoliales Lindl. (1833)
               Lonicerales T. Liebe (1866)
       1. Caprifoliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw (1965)
               Loniceraceae Vest (1818)
       2. Valerianaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Triplostegiaceae (Höck) Airy Shaw (1964)
       3. Dipsacaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Scabiosaceae Adans. (1763)
       4. Morinaceae Raf. (1820)
       5. Calyceraceae R. Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. (1820)
               Boopidaceae Cass. (1816)
    23. Loasanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Loasales Bessey (1907)
       1. Loasaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Cevalliaceae Griseb. (1854)
               Gronoviaceae Endl. (1841)
    24. Gentiananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
               Oleanae Takht. (1997)
     1. Goodeniales Lindl. (1833)
               Brunoniales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Goodeniaceae R. Br. (1810)
               Brunoniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Scaevolaceae Lindl. (1830)
     2. Oleales Lindl. (1833)
               Jasminales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. (1813-1820)
               Bolivariaceae Griseb. (1838)
               Forestieraceae Endl. (1841)
               Fraxinaceae Vest (1818)
               Jasminaceae Adans. (1763)
               Ligustraceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Lilacaceae Vent., nom. illeg. (1799)
               Schreberaceae (Wight) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Syringaceae Horan. (1847)
     3. Gentianales Lindl. (1833)
               Apocynales Bromhead (1838)
               Asclepiadales Dumort. (1829)
               Chironiales Griseb. (1854)
               Cinchonales Lindl. (1835)
               Desfontainiales Takht. (1997)
               Galiales Bromhead (1838)
               Loganiales Lindl. (1833)
               Rubiales Dumort. (1829)
               Theligonales Nakai (1942)
               Vincales Horan. (1847)
       1. Desfontainiaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
       2. Loganiaceae R. Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. (1827)
               Antoniaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Gardneriaceae Wall. ex Perleb (1838)
               Gelsemiaceae (G. Don) Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
               Geniostomaceae Struwe & V. Albert (1995)
               Plocospermataceae Hutch. (1973)
               Potaliaceae Mart. (1827)
               Spigeliaceae Mart. (1827)
               Strychnaceae DC. ex Perleb (1818)
       3. Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni, nom. cons. (1948)
       4. Rubiaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aparinaceae Adans. (1763)
               Asperulaceae Spenn. (1835)
               Catesbaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Cephalanthaceae Raf. (1820)
               Cinchonaceae Batsch (1802)
               Coffeaceae Batsch (1802)
               Coutareaceae Martinov (1820)
               Galiaceae Lindl. (1836)
               Gardeniaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Guettardaceae Batsch (1802)
               Hedyotidaceae Dumort. (1822)
               Henriqueziaceae Bremek. (1957)
               Houstoniaceae Raf. (1840)
               Hydrophylacaceae Martinov (1820)
               Lippayaceae Meisn. (1838)
               Lygodisodeaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Naucleaceae (DC.) Wernh. (1911)
               Nonateliaceae Martinov (1820)
               Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb (1818)
               Pagamaeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Psychotriaceae Rudolphi (1830)
               Randicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Sabiceaceae Martinov (1820)
       5. Theligonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Cynocrambaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1841)
       6. Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Chironiaceae Horan. (1843)
               Coutoubeaceae Martinov (1820)
               Obolariaceae Martinov (1820)
       7. Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires (1978)
       8. Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Cerberaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ophioxylaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
               Pacouriaceae Martinov (1820)
               Plumeriaceae Horan. (1834)
               Vincaceae Vest (1818)
               Willughbeaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       9. Asclepiadaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Cynanchaceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Periplocaceae Schltr., nom. cons. (1905)
               Stapeliaceae Horan. (1834)
    25. Lamianae Takht. (1967)
     1. Lamiales Bromhead (1838)
               Acanthales Lindl. (1833)
               Bignoniales Lindl. (1833)
               Callitrichales Dumort. (1829)
               Gesneriales Dumort. (1829)
               Globulariales Dumort. (1829)
               Lentibulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Pinguiculales Dumort. (1829)
               Plantaginales Lindl. (1833)
               Rhinanthales Dumort. (1829)
               Scrophulariales Lindl. (1833)
               Verbenales Horan. (1847)
       1. Retziaceae Bartl. (1830)
       2. Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1831)
       3. Buddlejaceae K. Wilh. (1910)
       4. Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aeginetiaceae Livera (1927)
               Antirrhinaceae Pers. (1807)
               Aragoaceae D. Don (1835)
               Buchneraceae (Benth.) Lilja (1870)
               Caprariaceae Martinov (1820)
               Chelonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Digitalidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Ellisiophyllaceae Honda (1930)
               Erinaceae Duvau ex Pfeiff. (1873)
               Euphrasiaceae Martinov (1820)
               Gratiolaceae Martinov (1820)
               Hebenstretiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Limosellaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Linariaceae Martinov (1820)
               Melampyraceae Rich. ex Hook. & Lindl. (1821)
               Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal (1993)
               Orobanchaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Oxycladaceae (Miers) Schnizl. (1843-1870)
               Paulowniaceae Nakai (1949)
               Pedicularidaceae Juss. (1789)
               Phelypaeaceae Horan. (1834)
               Rhinanthaceae Vent. (1799)
               Schlegeliaceae (A.H. Gentry) Reveal (1996)
               Selaginaceae Choisy, nom. cons. (1823)
               Sibthorpiaceae D. Don (1835)
               Spielmanniaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Verbasaceae Raf. (1821)
               Veronicaceae Durande (1782)
       5. Myoporaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Bontiaceae Horan. (1834)
       6. Globulariaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
       7. Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Littorellaceae Gray (1821)
               Psylliaceae Horan. (1834)
       8. Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1808)
               Pinguiculaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Utriculariaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. (1813-1820)
       9. Pedaliaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Sesamaceae R. Br. ex Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
       10. Trapellaceae Honda & Sakisaka (1930)
       11. Martyniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. (1895)
       12. Gesneriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1822)
               Belloniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Besleriaceae Raf. (1838)
               Cyrtandraceae Jack (1823)
               Didymocarpaceae D. Don (1822)
               Ramondaceae Godr. (1850)
       13. Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Crescentiaceae Dumort. (1829)
       14. Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Justiciaceae Raf. (1838)
               Mendonciaceae Bremek. (1954)
               Meyeniaceae Sreem. (1977)
               Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem. (1977)
               Thomandersiaceae Sreem. (1977)
               Thunbergiaceae (Dumort.) Lilja (1870)
       15. Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Aegiphilaceae Raf. (1838)
               Avicenniaceae Endl. (1841)
               Chloanthaceae Hutch. (1959)
               Cyclocheilaceae Marais (1981)
               Durantaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Lantanaceae Martinov (1820)
               Nesogenaceae Marais (1981)
               Nyctanthaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Petreaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. (1847)
               Siphonanthaceae Raf. (1838)
               Symphoremataceae (Meisn.) Mold. ex Reveal & Hoogland (1991)
               Viticaceae Juss. (1789)
       16. Lamiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Glechomaceae Martinov (1820)
               Labiatae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Melittidaceae Martinov (1820)
               Menthaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nepetaceae Horan. (1834)
               Salazariaceae F.A. Barkley (1975)
               Salviaceae Raf. (1837)
               Scutellaraceae Caruel (1894)
               Tetrachondraceae Wettst. (1924)
       17. Callitrichaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
               Stellariaceae MacMill., nom. illeg. (1892)
     2. Hydrostachyales Diels ex Reveal (1993)
       1. Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1898)
     3. Hippuridales Pulle ex Reveal (1996)
       1. Hippuridaceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
   2. Liliidae Takht. (1967)
               Alismatidae Takht. (1967)
               Arecidae Takht. (1967)
               Aridae Takht. (1997)
               Commelinidae Takht. (1967)
               Triurididae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Zingiberidae Cronquist (1978)
    1. Alismatanae Takht. (1967)
               Butomanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Najadanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Alismatales Dumort. (1829)
               Aponogetonales Hutch. (1934)
               Butomales Hutch. (1934)
               Elodeales Nakai (1950)
               Hydrocharitales Dumort. (1829)
               Vallisneriales Nakai (1949)
       1. Aponogetonaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       2. Butomaceae Rich., nom. cons. (1815)
       3. Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Blyxaceae (Aschers. & Gürcke) Nakai (1949)
               Elodeaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Enhalaceae Nakai (1943)
               Halophilaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Stratiotaceae Link (1829)
               Thalassiaceae Nakai (1943)
               Vallisneriaceae Link (1829)
       4. Limnocharitaceae Takht. ex Cronquist (1981)
       5. Alismataceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
               Damasoniaceae Nakai (1943)
               Elismataceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
     2. Najadales Dumort. (1829)
               Cymodoceales Nakai (1943)
               Juncaginales Hutch. (1934)
               Posidoniales Nakai (1943)
               Potamogetonales Dumort. (1829)
               Scheuchzeriales B. Boivin (1956)
               Zosterales Nakai (1943)
       1. Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
       2. Juncaginaceae Rich. (1808)
               Heterostylaceae Hutch. (1934)
               Lilaeaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Maundiaceae Nakai (1943)
               Triglochinaceae Chev. (1827)
       3. Najadaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       4. Potamogetonaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Hydrogetonaceae Link (1829)
               Ruppiaceae Horan. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       5. Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       6. Posidoniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
               Cauliniaceae J. Presl, nom. illeg. (1846)
       7. Cymodoceaceae N. Taylor, nom. cons. (1909)
       8. Zannichelliaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    2. Triuridanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Triuridales Hook.f. (1876)
       1. Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. (1843)
    3. Aranae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
               Acoranae Reveal (1997)
     1. Arales Dumort. (1829)
               Acorales Reveal (1996)
       1. Araceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Arisaraceae Raf. (1838)
               Caladiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Callaceae Rchb. ex Bartl. (1830)
               Cryptocorynaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Dracontiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Lentiscaceae Horan. (1843)
               Orontiaceae Bartl. (1830)
               Pistiaceae Rich. ex C. Agardh (1822)
               Pothoaceae Raf. (1838)
       2. Acoraceae Martinov (1820)
       3. Lemnaceae Gray, nom. cons. (1821)
               Wolffiaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
    4. Lilianae Takht. (1967)
               Dioscoreanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Dioscoreales Hook.f. (1876)
               Paridales Dumort. (1829)
               Smilacales Lindl. (1833)
               Stemonales Takht. (1995)
               Taccales Dumort. (1829)
               Tamales Dumort. (1829)
               Trilliales Takht. (1997)
       1. Trichopodaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       2. Dioscoreaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Avetraceae Takht. (1997)
               Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Tamaceae Martinov (1820)
               Tamnaceae J. Kickx f. (1826)
       3. Stemonaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1887)
               Croomiaceae Nakai (1937)
               Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes (1992)
               Roxburghiaceae Wall. (1832)
       4. Taccaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       5. Trilliaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1846)
               Paridaceae Dumort. (1827)
               Scoliopaceae Takht. (1996)
       6. Rhipogonaceae Conran & Cliffford (1985)
       7. Petermanniaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       8. Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. (1799)
     2. Asparagales Bromhead (1838)
               Agavales Hutch. (1934)
               Alliales Traub (1972)
               Amaryllidales Bromhead (1840)
               Asteliales Dumort. (1829)
               10. Dasypogonales Thorne, nom. nud. (1997)
               Hypoxidales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Narcissales Dumort. (1829)
               Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal (1993)
               Xanthorrhoeales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
       1. Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
               Lapageriaceae Kunth (1850)
       2. Luzuriagaceae Lotsy (1911)
               Eustrephaceae Chupov (1994)
               Geitonoplesiaceae R. Dahlgr. ex Conran (1994)
       3. Convallariaceae Horan. (1834)
               Aspidistraceae Endl. (1841)
               Ophiopogonaceae Endl. (1841)
               Peliosanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Platymetraceae Salisb., nom. illeg. (1866)
               Polygonataceae Salisb. (1866)
               Tupistraceae Schnizl. (1846)
       4. Dracaenaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Sansevieriaceae Nakai (1936)
       5. Asparagaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       6. Ruscaceae Sprengl. ex Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
       7. Herreriaceae Endl. (1841)
       8. Nolinaceae Nakai (1943)
       9. Asteliaceae Dumort. (1829)
       10. Dasypogonaceae Dumort. (1829)
               Baxteriaceae Takht. (1996)
               Kingiaceae Endl. (1838)
               Lomandraceae Lotsy (1911)
               Xerotaceae Endl., nom. illeg. (1838)
       11. Calectasiaceae Endl. (1838)
       12. Blandfordiaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
       13. Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       14. Agavaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
               Yuccaceae J. Agardh (1858)
       15. Hypoxidaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1814)
       16. Tecophilaeaceae Leyb., nom. cons. (1862)
               Androsynaceae Salisb., nom. cons. rej. (1866)
               Conantheraceae (D. Don) Hook.f. (1873)
               Cyanellaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Walleriaceae (R. Dahlgren) Takht., nom. cons. prop. (1994)
       17. Lanariaceae H. Huber ex R. Dahlgren & A.E. van Wyk (1988)
       18. Ixioliriaceae (Pax) Nakai (1943)
       19. Cyanastraceae Engl., nom. cons. (1900)
       20. Phormiaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Dianellaceae Salisb. (1866)
       21. Doryanthaceae R. Dahlgren & Clifford (1985)
       22. Eriospermaceae Endl. (1841)
       23. Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Aloaceae Batsch (1802)
       24. Anthericaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Johnsoniaceae Lotsy (1911)
               Laxmanniaceae Bubani (1901-1902)
       25. Aphyllanthaceae Burnett (1835)
       26. Hemerocallidaceae R. Br. (1810)
       27. Hostaceae B. Mathew (1988)
               Funkiaceae Horan., nom. illeg. (1834)
       28. Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1786)
               Eucomidaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Hesperocallidaceae Traub (1972)
               Lachenaliaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Ornithogalaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Scillaceae Vest (1818)
       29. Alliaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Agapanthaceae Voigt (1850)
               Cepaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Gilliesiaceae Lindl. (1826)
               Milulaceae Traub (1972)
               Themidaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Tulbaghiaceae Salisb. (1866)
       30. Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons. (1805)
               Brunsvigiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Crinaceae Vest (1818) Cyrtanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Galanthaceae G. Mey. (1836)
               Gethyllidaceae Raf. (1838)
               Haemanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Leucojaceae Batsch (1786)
               Narcissaceae Juss. (1789)
               Oporanthaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Pancratiaceae Horan. (1847)
               Strumariaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Zephyranthaceae Salisb. (1866)
     3. Liliales Perleb (1826)
               Alstroemeriales Hutch. (1934)
               Colchicales Dumort. (1829)
               Iridales Raf. (1815)
               Ixiales Lindl. (1835)
       1. Colchicaceae DC., nom. cons. (1805)
               Bulbocodiaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Burchardiaceae Takht. (1996)
               Merenderaceae Mirb. (1804)
       2. Uvulariaceae A. Gray ex Kunth, nom. cons. (1843)
               Compsoaceae Horan., nom. rej. prop. (1834)
               Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop. (1997)
       3. Iridaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Crocaceae Vest (1818)
               Galaxiaceae Raf. (1836)
               Geosiridaceae Jonker, nom. cons. (1939)
               Gladiolaceae Raf. (1838)
               Hewardiaceae Nakai, nom. illeg. (1943)
               Isophysidaceae (Hutch.) F.A. Barkley (1948)
               Ixiaceae Horan. (1834)
       4. Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       5. Calochortaceae Dumort. (1829)
       6. Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Erythroniaceae Martinov (1820)
               Fritillariaceae Salisb. (1866)
               Liriaceae Batsch (1786)
               Medeolaceae (S. Wats.) Takht. (1987)
               Tulipaceae Batsch (1786)
     4. Melanthiales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Nartheciales Reveal & Zompher (1997)
               Petrosaviales Takht. (1997)
               Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer (1997)
               Veratrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Melanthiaceae Batsch, nom. cons. (1802)
               Abaminaceae J. Agardh, nom. illeg. (1858)
               Chionographidaceae Takht. (1996)
               Heloniadaceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Japonoliriaceae Takht. (1996)
               Lophiolaceae Nakai (1943)
               Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon (1846)
               Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. (1934)
               Tofieldiaceae Takht. (1994)
               Veratraceae Salisb. (1807)
               Xerophyllaceae Takht. (1996)
       2. Campynemataceae Dumort. (1829)
     5. Burmanniales Heintze (1927)
       1. Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (1827)
               Thismiaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons. (1858)
               Tripterellaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
       2. Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. (1878)
     6. Orchidales Raf. (1815)
       1. Neuwiediaceae (Burns-Bal.&V.A.Funk) R.Dahl exRev&Hoogland (1991)
       2. Apostasiaceae Lindl. (1833)
       3. Cypripediaceae Lindl. (1833)
       4. Orchidaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Limodoraceae Horan. (1847)
               Neottiaceae Horan. (1834)
               Vanillaceae Lindl. (1835)
    5. Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
               Pontederianae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Typhanae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Velloziales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Velloziaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1841)
               Acanthochlamydaceae (Shou C. Chen) P.C. Kao (1989)
               Barbaceniaceae Arn. (1832)
     2. Bromeliales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Tillandsiaceae Wilbr. (1834)
     3. Haemodorales Hutch. (1934)
       1. Haemodoraceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Conostylidaceae (Pax) Takht. (1987)
               Dilatridaceae M. Roem. (1840)
               Wachendorfiaceae Herb. (1837)
               Xiphidiaceae Dumort. (1829)
     4. Philydrales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. (1821)
     5. Pontederiales Hook.f. (1876)
       1. Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. (1816)
               Heterantheraceae J. Agardh (1858)
               Unisemataceae Raf. (1837)
     6. Typhales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Sparganiaceae Rudolphi, nom. cons. (1830)
    6. Zingiberanae Takht. ex Reveal (1993)
     1. Zingiberales Griseb. (1854)
               Amomales Lindl. (1835)
               Lowiales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Musales Reveal (1997)
       1. Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. (1924)
       2. Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       3. Heliconiaceae (A. Rich.) Nakai (1941)
       4. Strelitziaceae (K. Schum.) Hutch. (1934)
       5. Zingiberaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (1835)
               Alpiniaceae R. Br. ex Rudolphi (1830)
               Amomaceae J. St.-Hil. (1805)
               Curcumaceae Dumort. (1829)
       6. Costaceae (Meisn.) Nakai (1941)
       7. Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       8. Marantaceae Petersen, nom. cons. (1888)
    7. Commelinanae Takht. (1967)
               Hydatellanae Takht. ex Reveal (1992)
               Juncanae Takht. (1967)
               Poanae Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
     1. Commelinales Dumort. (1829)
               Rapateales Colella ex Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Eriocaulales Nakai (1930)
               Mayacales Nakai (1943)
               Xyridales Lindl. (1846)
       1. Mayacaceae Kunth (1842)
       2. Commelinaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Cartonemataceae Pichon, nom. cons. (1946)
               Ephemeraceae Batsch, nom. illeg. (1802)
               Tradescantiaceae Salisb. (1807)
       3. Xyridaceae C. Agardh, nom. cons. (1823)
               Abolbodaceae Nakai (1943)
       4. Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       5. Eriocaulaceae P. Beauv. ex Desv. (1828)
     2. Hydatellales Cronquist (1980)
       1. Hydatellaceae U. Hamann, nom. cons. (1976)
     3. Cyperales Hutch. (1934)
               Juncales Dumort. (1829)
       1. Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
       2. Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. (1907)
       3. Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. (1789)
               Caricaceae Burnett, nom. illeg. (1835)
               Kobresiaceae Gilly (1952)
               Papyraceae Burnett (1835)
               Scirpaceae Batsch (1786)
     4. Poales Small (1903)
               Avenales Bromhead (1838)
               Centrolepidales R. Dahlgren ex Takht. (1997)
               Flagellariales Takht., nom. inval. (1997)
               Restionales J.H. Schaffn. (1929)
       1. Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
       2. Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm. (1970)
       3. Restionaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Anarthriaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
               Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler & Airy Shaw (1965)
               Elegiaceae Raf. (1838)
       4. Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons. (1836)
               Devauxiaceae Dumort., nom. illeg. (1829)
       5. Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh., nom. cons. (1895)
               Aegilopaceae Martinov (1820)
               Agrostidaceae Burnett (1835)
               Alopecuraceae Martinov (1820)
               Andropogonaceae Martinov (1820)
               Anomochloaceae Nakai (1943)
               Arundinaceae (Dumort.) Hochst. (1850)
               Arundinellaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Avenaceae Martinov (1820)
               Bambusaceae Burnett (1835)
               Chloridaceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) Herter (1940)
               Eragrostidaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Festucaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1952)
               Gramineae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Hordeaceae Burnett (1835)
               Lepturaceae (Dumort.) Herter (1940)
               Maydaceae Martinov, nom. illeg. (1820)
               Melicaceae Martinov (1820)
               Miliaceae Burnett (1835)
               Nardaceae Martinov (1820)
               Oryzaceae Burnett (1835)
               Panicaceae Voigt (1845)
               Pappophoraceae (Kunth) Herter (1940)
               Parianaceae Nakai (1943)
               Phalaridaceae Burnett (1835)
               Pharaceae (Stapf) Herter (1940)
               Saccharaceae Martinov (1820)
               Spartinaceae Burnett (1835)
               Sporobolaceae Herter (1941)
               Stipaceae Burnett (1835)
               Streptochaetaceae Nakai (1943)
               Tristeginaceae (Link) Herter, nom. illeg. (1940)
               Triticaceae Hochst. (1848)
               Zeaceae A. Kern. (1891)
    8. Arecanae Takht. (1967)
     1. Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex Reveal (1992)
       1. Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1964)
     2. Arecales Bromhead (1840)
               Cocosales Nakai (1930)
       1. Arecaceae Schultz Sch., nom. cons. (1832)
               Acristaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Borassaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Calamaceae Kunth ex Perleb (1838)
               Ceroxylaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Chamaedoreaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Cocosaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Coryphaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Geonomataceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Iriarteaceae O.F. Cook & Doyle (1913)
               Lepidocaryaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Malortieaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Manicariaceae O.F. Cook (1910)
               Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)
               Palmae Juss., nom. cons. et nom. alt. (1789)
               Phoenicaceae Burnett (1835)
               Phytellephaceae Mart. ex Perleb (1838)
               Pseudophoenicaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
               Sabalaceae Schultz Sch. (1832)
               Sagaceae Schultz Sch., nom. illeg. (1832)
               Synechanthaceae O.F. Cook (1913)
    9. Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Reveal (1996)
     1. Cyclanthales Nakai (1930)
       1. Cyclanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. (1829)
    10. Pandananae Thorne ex Reveal (1992)
     1. Pandanales Lindl. (1833)
       1. Pandanaceae R. Br., nom. cons. (1810)
               Freycinetiaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne. (1868)